diff --git a/include/bed.h b/include/bed.h
index de5813a..2313c2d 100644
--- a/include/bed.h
+++ b/include/bed.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ struct BEd {
   internal::commands::Command eof_op;
   std::array<std::optional<internal::commands::Suffix>, 26> suffixes;
   internal::theme::Theme theme;
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, internal::syntax::Language> languages;
 
   bool help_mode = false;
   std::string last_help = "";
diff --git a/include/internal/buffer/buffer.h b/include/internal/buffer/buffer.h
index b3d208a..8a9fe9a 100644
--- a/include/internal/buffer/buffer.h
+++ b/include/internal/buffer/buffer.h
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ namespace bed::internal::buffer {
 struct Buffer {
   vase::Vase vase;
   marks::MarksEngine marks;
-  syntax::Language lang;
-  syntax::Parser parser;
+  std::string language;
+  std::optional<syntax::Parser> parser;
   uint64_t line = 0;
   bool modified;
   std::filesystem::path save_path = "";
diff --git a/include/internal/syntax/decl.h b/include/internal/syntax/decl.h
index 9f7ba9d..903a69c 100644
--- a/include/internal/syntax/decl.h
+++ b/include/internal/syntax/decl.h
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ struct TreeCursor {
   }
 };
 
-/*struct Symbol {
+struct Symbol {
   uint64_t definition;
   std::vector<uint64_t> references;
 };
@@ -178,5 +178,5 @@ struct Scope {
   uint32_t type;
   trie::Trie<Symbol> symbols;
   std::vector<std::variant<Space, Scope>> children;
-};*/
+};
 } // namespace bed::internal::syntax
diff --git a/include/internal/syntax/parser.h b/include/internal/syntax/parser.h
index c349eb4..c87d9b6 100644
--- a/include/internal/syntax/parser.h
+++ b/include/internal/syntax/parser.h
@@ -6,12 +6,17 @@
 
 namespace bed::internal::syntax {
 struct Parser {
-  ParseState *root;
-  Language &lang;
+  static constexpr const uint64_t MAX_CHUNK = 256;
 
-  Parser(vase::Vase &, uint64_t, Language &);
+  ParseState *root;
+  Language lang;
+
+  Parser(vase::Vase &, uint64_t, Language);
   ~Parser();
-  void reset(vase::Vase &, uint64_t, Language &);
+  Parser(const Parser &) = delete;
+  Parser &operator=(const Parser &) = delete;
+
+  void reset(vase::Vase &, uint64_t, Language);
   void erase(vase::Vase &, uint64_t, uint64_t);
   void insert(vase::Vase &, uint64_t, uint64_t);
   void modify(vase::Vase &, uint64_t, uint64_t);
@@ -19,8 +24,9 @@ struct Parser {
   std::pair<ParseState *, ParseState *> split_tree(ParseState *node, uint64_t line);
   ParseState *join_tree(ParseState *a, ParseState *b);
 
-  // Scope root;
-  // Scope &get_scope(uint64_t);
+  Scope scope_root;
+  Scope &get_scope(uint64_t);
+
   struct Iterator {
     Parser *p;
     std::optional<vase::Iterator> it;
diff --git a/src/internal/buffer/buffer.cc b/src/internal/buffer/buffer.cc
index b96f303..6d2db04 100644
--- a/src/internal/buffer/buffer.cc
+++ b/src/internal/buffer/buffer.cc
@@ -2,17 +2,14 @@
 #include "bed.h"
 
 namespace bed::internal::buffer {
-Buffer::Buffer()
-    : vase("/tmp"), lang(syntax::ruby::lang_ruby()),
-      parser(vase, vase.lines(), lang) {
+Buffer::Buffer() : vase("/tmp") {
+  parser.emplace(vase, vase.lines(), syntax::ruby::lang_ruby());
   line = vase.lines();
   modified = false;
 }
 
-Buffer::Buffer(std::string command)
-    : vase(command, "/tmp"),
-      lang(syntax::ruby::lang_ruby()),
-      parser(vase, vase.lines(), lang) {
+Buffer::Buffer(std::string command) : vase(command, "/tmp") {
+  parser.emplace(vase, vase.lines(), syntax::ruby::lang_ruby());
   line = vase.lines();
   if (!line)
     return;
@@ -21,10 +18,8 @@ Buffer::Buffer(std::string command)
   modified = false;
 }
 
-Buffer::Buffer(std::filesystem::path path)
-    : vase(path, "/tmp"),
-      lang(syntax::ruby::lang_ruby()),
-      parser(vase, vase.lines(), lang) {
+Buffer::Buffer(std::filesystem::path path) : vase(path, "/tmp") {
+  parser.emplace(vase, vase.lines(), syntax::ruby::lang_ruby());
   line = vase.lines();
   if (!line)
     return;
@@ -37,7 +32,7 @@ Buffer::Buffer(std::filesystem::path path)
 void Buffer::load(std::string command) {
   vase::Vase new_vase = vase::Vase(command, "/tmp");
   vase = std::move(new_vase);
-  parser.reset(vase, vase.lines(), lang);
+  parser.emplace(vase, vase.lines(), syntax::ruby::lang_ruby());
   line = vase.lines();
   if (!line) {
     prev_range.start = 0;
@@ -52,7 +47,7 @@ void Buffer::load(std::string command) {
 void Buffer::load(std::filesystem::path path) {
   vase::Vase new_vase = vase::Vase(path, "/tmp");
   vase = std::move(new_vase);
-  parser.reset(vase, vase.lines(), lang);
+  parser.emplace(vase, vase.lines(), syntax::ruby::lang_ruby());
   line = vase.lines();
   if (!line) {
     prev_range.start = 0;
@@ -110,17 +105,17 @@ inline void apply(std::ostream &out, const theme::Highlight &hl) {
   const uint8_t g = (hl.fg >> 8) & 0xff;
   const uint8_t b = hl.fg & 0xff;
   out << "\x1b[38;2;"
-      << static_cast<unsigned>(r) << ';'
-      << static_cast<unsigned>(g) << ';'
-      << static_cast<unsigned>(b) << 'm';
+      << (unsigned)r << ';'
+      << (unsigned)g << ';'
+      << (unsigned)b << 'm';
   if (hl.bg != 0) {
     const uint8_t br = (hl.bg >> 16) & 0xff;
     const uint8_t bg = (hl.bg >> 8) & 0xff;
     const uint8_t bb = hl.bg & 0xff;
     out << "\x1b[48;2;"
-        << static_cast<unsigned>(br) << ';'
-        << static_cast<unsigned>(bg) << ';'
-        << static_cast<unsigned>(bb) << 'm';
+        << (unsigned)br << ';'
+        << (unsigned)bg << ';'
+        << (unsigned)bb << 'm';
   }
   if (hl.flags & theme::Highlight::Bold)
     out << "\x1b[1m";
@@ -137,38 +132,42 @@ inline void reset(std::ostream &out) {
 }
 
 void Buffer::print(BEd &ctx, uint64_t start_line, uint64_t end_line) {
-  std::optional<syntax::Parser::Iterator> it_o = parser.get_hl(vase, start_line - 1);
-  if (!it_o)
-    throw ed_error("shouldn't be possible if line existed, which is checked by print's callers.");
-  auto &it = *it_o;
-  while (start_line <= end_line) {
-    it.next();
-    const std::string &line = it.it->line;
-    const auto &tokens = it.tokens;
-    uint32_t cursor = 0;
-    for (const auto &token : tokens) {
-      const uint32_t start = token.start;
-      const uint32_t end = token.end;
-      if (start > line.size())
-        break;
-      if (end > line.size())
-        break;
-      if (cursor < start) {
-        std::cout.write(
-          line.data() + cursor,
-          start - cursor
-        );
+  if (parser) {
+    std::optional<syntax::Parser::Iterator> it_o = parser->get_hl(vase, start_line - 1);
+    auto &it = *it_o;
+    while (start_line <= end_line) {
+      it.next();
+      const std::string &line = it.it->line;
+      const auto &tokens = it.tokens;
+      uint32_t cursor = 0;
+      for (const auto &token : tokens) {
+        const uint32_t start = token.start;
+        const uint32_t end = token.end;
+        if (start > line.size())
+          break;
+        if (end > line.size())
+          break;
+        if (cursor < start) {
+          std::cout.write(
+            line.data() + cursor,
+            start - cursor
+          );
+        }
+        const auto highlight = ctx.theme.get(token);
+        apply(std::cout, highlight);
+        std::cout.write(line.data() + start, end - start);
+        reset(std::cout);
+        cursor = end;
       }
-      const auto highlight = ctx.theme.get(token);
-      apply(std::cout, highlight);
-      std::cout.write(line.data() + start, end - start);
-      reset(std::cout);
-      cursor = end;
+      if (cursor < line.size())
+        std::cout.write(line.data() + cursor, line.size() - cursor);
+      std::cout << std::endl;
+      ++start_line;
     }
-    if (cursor < line.size())
-      std::cout.write(line.data() + cursor, line.size() - cursor);
-    std::cout << '\n';
-    ++start_line;
+  } else {
+    vase::Iterator it = vase.iterate(start_line - 1, Direction::Forward);
+    while (it.next() && start_line++ <= end_line)
+      std::cout << it.line << std::endl;
   }
   prev_range.start = start_line;
   prev_range.end = end_line;
diff --git a/src/internal/syntax/parser.cc b/src/internal/syntax/parser.cc
index 3f0221b..1101e95 100644
--- a/src/internal/syntax/parser.cc
+++ b/src/internal/syntax/parser.cc
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ static ParseState *build_tree(std::vector<ParseStateLeaf *> &leaves, size_t begi
   return make_branch(left, right);
 }
 
-Parser::Parser(vase::Vase &vase, uint64_t lines, Language &lang)
+Parser::Parser(vase::Vase &vase, uint64_t lines, Language lang)
     : root(nullptr), lang(lang) {
   reset(vase, lines, lang);
 }
@@ -51,17 +51,17 @@ Parser::~Parser() {
   destroy_tree(root, lang);
 }
 
-void Parser::reset(vase::Vase &vase, uint64_t lines, Language &lang_) {
+void Parser::reset(vase::Vase &vase, uint64_t lines, Language lang_) {
   destroy_tree(root, lang);
   root = nullptr;
   if (lines == 0)
     return;
-  lang = lang_;
+  lang = std::move(lang_);
   vase::Iterator it = vase.iterate(0, Direction::Forward);
   it.next();
   std::vector<ParseStateLeaf *> leaves;
   std::vector<Token> tokens;
-  leaves.reserve((lines + 63) / 64);
+  leaves.reserve((lines + MAX_CHUNK - 1) / MAX_CHUNK);
   void *state = lang.none_state();
   uint32_t consumed = 0;
   while (consumed < lines) {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ void Parser::reset(vase::Vase &vase, uint64_t lines, Language &lang_) {
     leaf->header = 0;
     leaf->state = lang.copy(state);
     uint32_t chunk_lines = 0;
-    while (chunk_lines < 64 && consumed < lines) {
+    while (chunk_lines < MAX_CHUNK && consumed < lines) {
       tokens.clear();
       lang.parse(&state, it.line, consumed == 0, &tokens);
       ++chunk_lines;
@@ -140,17 +140,15 @@ void Parser::insert(vase::Vase &vase, uint64_t start, uint64_t count) {
   if (count == 0)
     return;
   std::vector<ParseStateLeaf *> leaves;
-  leaves.reserve((count + 63) / 64);
+  leaves.reserve((count + MAX_CHUNK - 1) / MAX_CHUNK);
   uint64_t consumed = 0;
   while (consumed < count) {
     auto *leaf = new ParseStateLeaf;
     leaf->state = nullptr;
     uint64_t chunk = 0;
-    while (chunk < 64 && consumed < count) {
+    while (chunk < MAX_CHUNK && consumed < count) {
       ++chunk;
       ++consumed;
-      if (consumed < count)
-        break;
     }
     leaf->header = chunk;
     leaves.push_back(leaf);
@@ -277,6 +275,6 @@ Parser::Iterator &Parser::Iterator::operator=(Iterator &&other) {
 void Parser::Iterator::next() {
   it->next();
   tokens.clear();
-  p->lang.parse(&state, it->line, at == 0, &tokens);
+  p->lang.parse(&state, it->line, at++ == 0, &tokens);
 }
 } // namespace bed::internal::syntax