Implement enemy AI and handler; add placeable radar object; enhance maze functionality

game/character.rb

@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
 class Character
   attr_reader :world_x, :world_y
 
-  SPEED = 2.5
+  SPEED = 3
   SIZE = [25, 30]
 
   def initialize
     @world_x = 60.0
     @world_y = 60.0
 
+    start_room_coords = $bus.get(:start_room_coords)
+    if start_room_coords
+      @world_x, @world_y = [(start_room_coords[0] + 2) * 60 + 30, (start_room_coords[1] + 2) * 60 + 30]
+    end
+
     # Load the full sheet as tiles
     sheet = Gosu::Image.load_tiles("assets/images/player.png", 20, 40, retro: true)
 
@@ -31,6 +36,10 @@ class Character
 
     @current_animation = :idle_front
     @facing = :front
+
+    $bus.on_retrievable(:player_position) do
+      next [@world_x, @world_y]
+    end
   end
 
   def rect
@@ -79,16 +88,22 @@ class Character
     dx *= SPEED
     dy *= SPEED
 
-    # Horizontal
-    @world_x += dx
-    if $bus.get(:collides?, rect)&.include?(:wall)
-      @world_x -= dx
-    end
+    steps = SPEED.ceil
+    step_dx = dx / steps.to_f
+    step_dy = dy / steps.to_f
 
-    # Vertical
-    @world_y += dy
-    if $bus.get(:collides?, rect)&.include?(:wall)
-      @world_y -= dy
+    steps.times do
+      # X axis
+      @world_x += step_dx
+      if ($bus.get(:collides?, rect) & [:wall, :object])&.any?
+        @world_x -= step_dx
+      end
+
+      # Y axis
+      @world_y += step_dy
+      if ($bus.get(:collides?, rect) & [:wall, :object])&.any?
+        @world_y -= step_dy
+      end
     end
 
     # teleport to boss room for debug purposes

game/enemy/ai.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+class EnemyAI
+  AGGRO_RADIUS = 2000
+  SPEED = 2
+  CORNER_OFFSET = 35 # how far from tile center to place corner waypoint
+
+  def initialize(enemy, type)
+    @enemy = enemy
+    @type = type
+    @tile_path = []    # raw tile coords from solver
+    @waypoints = []    # actual world positions to move through
+    @last_player_tile = nil
+    @avoiding_obstacle = false
+  end
+
+  def update(player_x, player_y)
+    distance = Gosu.distance(@enemy.x, @enemy.y, player_x, player_y)
+    return unless distance < AGGRO_RADIUS
+
+    player_tile = [(player_x - 90) / 120, (player_y - 90) / 120].map(&:round)
+    enemy_tile  = [(@enemy.x - 90) / 120, (@enemy.y - 90) / 120].map(&:round)
+
+    return if $bus.get(:collides?, @enemy.rect)&.include?(:character)
+
+    object_in_tile = $bus.get(:object_at, enemy_tile[0], enemy_tile[1])
+
+    if player_tile == enemy_tile
+      los_blocked = !object_in_tile.nil? && !(
+        line_of_sight?(@enemy.x - @enemy.w / 2, @enemy.y - @enemy.h / 2, player_x, player_y, object_in_tile.rect) &&
+        line_of_sight?(@enemy.x + @enemy.w / 2, @enemy.y + @enemy.h / 2, player_x, player_y, object_in_tile.rect) &&
+        line_of_sight?(@enemy.x - @enemy.w / 2, @enemy.y + @enemy.h / 2, player_x, player_y, object_in_tile.rect) &&
+        line_of_sight?(@enemy.x + @enemy.w / 2, @enemy.y - @enemy.h / 2, player_x, player_y, object_in_tile.rect)
+      )
+
+      if los_blocked
+        if !@avoiding_obstacle
+          center_x = enemy_tile[0] * 120 + 90
+          center_y = enemy_tile[1] * 120 + 90
+
+          corners = [
+            [center_x - CORNER_OFFSET, center_y - CORNER_OFFSET],
+            [center_x + CORNER_OFFSET, center_y - CORNER_OFFSET],
+            [center_x + CORNER_OFFSET, center_y + CORNER_OFFSET],
+            [center_x - CORNER_OFFSET, center_y + CORNER_OFFSET]
+          ]
+
+          closest_idx = corners.each_with_index.min_by { |c, _| Gosu.distance(c[0], c[1], @enemy.x, @enemy.y) }[1]
+          @waypoints = corners.rotate(closest_idx)
+          @avoiding_obstacle = true
+        end
+      else
+        move_towards(player_x, player_y)
+        return
+      end
+    end
+
+    if @waypoints.empty? || @last_player_tile != player_tile
+      @last_player_tile = player_tile
+      @tile_path = $bus.get(:maze_solve, enemy_tile[0], enemy_tile[1], player_tile[0], player_tile[1]) || []
+      if $bus.get(:object_at, enemy_tile[0], enemy_tile[1]).nil?
+        @tile_path.shift
+      end
+      @waypoints = build_waypoints(@tile_path)
+    end
+
+    return if @waypoints.empty?
+
+    target_x, target_y = @waypoints.first
+
+    if intersects?(@enemy.rect, [target_x - 5, target_y - 5, 10, 10])
+      @waypoints.shift
+      @avoiding_obstacle = false if @waypoints.empty?
+      return
+    end
+
+    move_towards(target_x, target_y)
+  end
+
+  def draw
+    return unless DEBUG
+    cam_x, cam_y = $bus.get(:camera_pos) || [0, 0]
+    @waypoints.each do |wx, wy|
+      Gosu.draw_rect(wx - cam_x - 5, wy - cam_y - 5, 10, 10, Gosu::Color.new(0x88ffff00), Float::INFINITY)
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def build_waypoints(tile_path)
+    waypoints = []
+
+    tile_path.each_with_index do |(tx, ty), i|
+      center_x = tx * 120 + 90
+      center_y = ty * 120 + 90
+
+      unless $bus.get(:object_at, tx, ty).nil?
+        next_tile = tile_path[i + 1]
+        prev_tile = i > 0 ? tile_path[i - 1] : nil
+
+        next_cx = next_tile ? next_tile[0] * 120 + 90 : center_x
+        next_cy = next_tile ? next_tile[1] * 120 + 90 : center_y
+        prev_cx = prev_tile ? prev_tile[0] * 120 + 90 : @enemy.x
+        prev_cy = prev_tile ? prev_tile[1] * 120 + 90 : @enemy.y
+
+        corners = [
+          [center_x - CORNER_OFFSET, center_y - CORNER_OFFSET],
+          [center_x + CORNER_OFFSET, center_y - CORNER_OFFSET],
+          [center_x - CORNER_OFFSET, center_y + CORNER_OFFSET],
+          [center_x + CORNER_OFFSET, center_y + CORNER_OFFSET]
+        ]
+
+        # first waypoint: corner closest to where we're coming from
+        first = corners.min_by { |cx, cy| Gosu.distance(cx, cy, prev_cx, prev_cy) }
+
+        # second waypoint: closest to next tile but not opposite to first
+        opposite = [center_x - (first[0] - center_x), center_y - (first[1] - center_y)]
+        candidates = corners.reject { |c| c == first || c == opposite }
+        second = candidates.min_by { |cx, cy| Gosu.distance(cx, cy, next_cx, next_cy) }
+
+        waypoints << first
+        waypoints << second
+      else
+        waypoints << [center_x, center_y]
+      end
+    end
+
+    waypoints
+  end
+
+  def move_towards(target_x, target_y)
+    angle = Gosu.angle(@enemy.x, @enemy.y, target_x, target_y)
+    dx = Gosu.offset_x(angle, SPEED)
+    dy = Gosu.offset_y(angle, SPEED)
+
+    steps = SPEED.ceil
+    step_dx = dx / steps.to_f
+    step_dy = dy / steps.to_f
+
+    steps.times do
+      moved_x = false
+      moved_y = false
+
+      # Try X
+      @enemy.x += step_dx
+      if ($bus.get(:collides?, @enemy.rect) & [:wall, :object])&.any?
+        @enemy.x -= step_dx
+      else
+        moved_x = true
+      end
+
+      # Try Y (independent — keeps full intent)
+      @enemy.y += step_dy
+      if ($bus.get(:collides?, @enemy.rect) & [:wall, :object])&.any?
+        @enemy.y -= step_dy
+      else
+        moved_y = true
+      end
+
+      # If both failed, stop early
+      break unless moved_x || moved_y
+    end
+
+    if $bus.get(:collides?, @enemy.rect)&.include?(:character)
+      # Attack player
+    end
+  end
+end

game/enemy/base.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+require_relative 'ai'
+
+class Enemy
+  attr_accessor :x, :y, :w, :h
+
+  def initialize(x, y)
+    @x = x
+    @y = y
+    @w = 25
+    @h = 30
+
+    @ai = EnemyAI.new(self, :chase)
+  end
+
+  def rect
+    [@x - @w / 2, @y - @h / 2, @w, @h]
+  end
+
+  def collides?(rect)
+    return true if intersects?(self.rect, rect)
+    false
+  end
+
+  def update
+    player_pos = $bus.get(:player_position)
+    @ai.update(*player_pos) if player_pos
+  end
+
+  def draw
+    cam_x, cam_y = $bus.get(:camera_pos) || [0, 0]
+
+    screen_x = @x - cam_x
+    screen_y = @y - cam_y
+
+    Gosu.draw_rect(
+      screen_x - @w / 2,
+      screen_y - @h / 2,
+      @w,
+      @h,
+      Gosu::Color::RED,
+      screen_y - @h / 2
+    )
+
+    @ai.draw
+  end
+end

game/enemy/handler.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+require_relative 'base'
+
+class EnemyHandler
+  def initialize
+    @enemies = []
+  end
+
+  def update
+    spawn!
+    @enemies.each(&:update)
+  end
+
+  def spawn!
+    # For now, just spawn a single enemy at a fixed location
+    start_room_coords = $bus.get(:start_room_coords)
+    if @enemies.empty?
+      @enemies << Enemy.new((start_room_coords[0] + 4) * 60 + 30, (start_room_coords[1] + 4) * 60 + 30)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def draw
+    @enemies.each(&:draw)
+  end
+
+  def collides?(rect)
+    @enemies.any? { |enemy| enemy.collides?(rect) }
+  end
+end

game/maze.rb

@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ class Maze
     @maze = MazeData.new(80, 80)
     @spritesheet = Gosu::Image.load_tiles("assets/images/walls.png", 20, 40, retro: true)
     puts @spritesheet.size
+
+    $bus.on_retrievable(:maze_solve) do |x1, y1, x2, y2|
+      next @maze.solve(x1, y1, x2, y2)
+    end
   end
 
   def collides?(rect)
@@ -64,8 +68,8 @@ class Maze
     shapes
   end
 
-  def draw(camera)
-    cam_x, cam_y = camera
+  def draw
+    cam_x, cam_y = $bus.get(:camera_pos) || [0, 0]
     tile_size = 60
     scale = 3
     screen_width, screen_height = SCREEN_SIZE

game/placeables/base.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+class Placeable
+  SIZE = [25, 15]
+
+  # The base class for all placeables in the game. Placeables are things that can be interacted with, but do not move (unlike characters).
+  # They cannot be walked through, but can be interacted with (e.g. a chest can be opened, a torch can be lit, a radar can be used).
+  # They are placed at the center of a tile, and their position is represented by the tile coordinate
+  # An object is one that is placed at the center of a tile (radar, torch & chest)
+  attr_reader :x, :y
+
+  def initialize(x, y)
+    @x = x
+    @y = y
+    @frames_count = 0
+    @spritesheet = nil
+  end
+
+  def collides?(rect)
+    return true if intersects?(self.rect, rect)
+    false
+  end
+
+  def rect
+    [@x * 120 + 90 - SIZE[0] / 2, @y * 120 + 90 - SIZE[1], SIZE[0], SIZE[1]]
+  end
+
+  def update
+    # For now, placeables don't have any behavior
+  end
+
+  def draw
+    return unless @spritesheet
+
+    cam_x, cam_y = $bus.get(:camera_pos) || [0, 0]
+    screen_x = @x * 120 + 90 - cam_x
+    screen_y = @y * 120 + 90 - cam_y
+
+    elapsed = Gosu.milliseconds / 1000.0
+    frame_index = ((elapsed * @frames_count).floor) % @frames_count
+
+    @spritesheet[frame_index].draw(screen_x - 20, screen_y - 20, screen_y, 2, 2)
+
+    return unless DEBUG
+
+    # collision box centered on same point
+    Gosu.draw_rect(screen_x - SIZE[0] / 2, screen_y - SIZE[1], SIZE[0], SIZE[1], Gosu::Color.new(0x88ff0000), Float::INFINITY)
+  end
+end
+
+class Radar < Placeable
+  def initialize(x, y)
+    super(x, y)
+    @frames_count = 4
+    @spritesheet = Gosu::Image.load_tiles("assets/images/radar.png", 20, 20, retro: true)
+  end
+end
+
+class ObjectHandler
+  attr_reader :objects
+
+  def initialize
+    start_room_coords = $bus.get(:start_room_coords)
+    @objects = [Radar.new(start_room_coords[0] / 2 - 1, start_room_coords[1] / 2 - 1)]
+
+    $bus.on_retrievable(:object_at) do |x, y|
+      next @objects.find { |obj| obj.x == x && obj.y == y }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def add(object)
+    @objects << object
+  end
+  
+  def collides?(rect)
+    @objects.any? { |obj| obj.collides?(rect) }
+  end
+
+  def update
+    @objects.each(&:update)
+  end
+
+  def draw
+    @objects.each(&:draw)
+  end
+end

game/scene.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 require_relative 'state'
 require_relative 'maze'
+require_relative 'placeables/base'
+require_relative 'enemy/handler'
 require_relative 'character'
 
 require 'perlin'
@@ -8,11 +10,13 @@ class Game < Scene
   def initialize
     super
     @font = Gosu::Font.new(24)
-    @noise = Perlin::Generator.new(rand(1000), 1.0, 1)
+    @noise = Perlin::Generator.new(rand(1...1000), 1.0, 1)
     @floor_image = Gosu::Image.new("assets/images/floor.png", retro: true)
 
     @maze = Maze.new
     @character = Character.new
+    @enemies = EnemyHandler.new
+    @objects = ObjectHandler.new
 
     @camera = [0, 0]
 
@@ -20,19 +24,27 @@ class Game < Scene
       @camera = pos
     end
 
+    $bus.on_retrievable(:camera_pos) do
+      next @camera
+    end
+
     $bus.on_retrievable(:collides?) do |rect|
       collisions = []
       collisions << :wall if @maze.collides?(rect)
       collisions << :character if @character.collides?(rect)
+      collisions << :enemy if @enemies.collides?(rect)
+      collisions << :object if @objects.collides?(rect)
       next collisions
     end
   end
 
   def draw
     draw_floor
-    @maze.draw(@camera)
+    @maze.draw
     @character.draw
-    draw_fog(@camera)
+    @enemies.draw
+    @objects.draw
+    draw_fog!
     draw_debug! if DEBUG
   end
 
@@ -51,11 +63,12 @@ class Game < Scene
     end
 
     @font.draw_text("FPS: #{@fps}", 5, 5, Float::INFINITY, 1, 1, Gosu::Color::YELLOW)
-    @font.draw_text("Player: [#{@character.world_x.round}, #{@character.world_y.round}]", 5, 30, Float::INFINITY, 1, 1, Gosu::Color::YELLOW)
+    world_x, world_y = $bus.get(:player_position)&.map(&:round) || [0, 0]
+    @font.draw_text("Player: [#{world_x}, #{world_y}]", 5, 30, Float::INFINITY, 1, 1, Gosu::Color::YELLOW)
   end
 
-  def draw_fog(camera)
-    cam_x, cam_y = camera
+  def draw_fog!
+    cam_x, cam_y = @camera
     cell = 10
     i_radius = 90.0
     o_radius = 400.0
@@ -114,6 +127,8 @@ class Game < Scene
 
   def update
     @character.update
+    @enemies.update
+    @objects.update
   end
 
   def button_down(id, _pos)

utils/maze.rb

@@ -1,16 +1,23 @@
 class MazeData
-  def initialize(width, height)
+  def initialize(width, height, standalone: false)
     @width = width
     @height = height
 
     @grid = Array.new(height) { Array.new(width, 0) }
 
     @boss_rooms = []
+    @start_room = nil
 
     crate_rooms!
     carve_passages_from(0, 0)
     fix_room_entrances!
 
+    return if standalone
+
+    $bus.on_retrievable(:start_room_coords) do
+      next @start_room ? [@start_room[0] * 2 + 1, @start_room[1] * 2 + 1] : nil
+    end
+
     return unless DEBUG
 
     print_debug
@@ -19,6 +26,60 @@ class MazeData
     end
   end
 
+  def solve(x1, y1, x2, y2)
+    # explain why dijkstra's is fine here: 
+      # A* hueristics make it possible to chose a longer path through rooms instead of a shorter path through corridors, which is not what we want for enemy pathfinding
+      # Dijkstra's is also simpler to implement since we don't need to worry about the heuristic function, and the maze is not large enough for performance to be a concern
+
+    distances = Array.new(@height) { Array.new(@width, Float::INFINITY) }
+    visited = Array.new(@height) { Array.new(@width, false) }
+    previous = Array.new(@height) { Array.new(@width, nil) }
+    distances[y1][x1] = 0
+
+    queue = [[y1, x1]]
+
+    while !queue.empty?
+      cy, cx = queue.shift
+
+      next if visited[cy][cx]
+      visited[cy][cx] = true
+
+      return build_path(previous, x1, y1, x2, y2) if cx == x2 && cy == y2
+
+      # can check NSEW walls here to determine which neighbors to add to the queue (no need to check teh neighbors)
+      [N, S, E, W].each do |direction|
+        next if (@grid[cy][cx] & direction) == 0 # wall in this direction
+
+        nx, ny = cx + DX[direction], cy + DY[direction]
+
+        next unless ny.between?(0, @height - 1) && nx.between?(0, @width - 1)
+
+        alt = distances[cy][cx] + 1
+        if alt < distances[ny][nx]
+          distances[ny][nx] = alt
+          previous[ny][nx] = [cx, cy]
+          queue << [ny, nx]
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    return nil
+  end
+
+  def build_path(previous, x1, y1, x2, y2)
+    path = []
+    cx, cy = x2, y2
+
+    while cx != x1 || cy != y1
+      return nil unless previous[cy][cx]
+      path << [cx, cy]
+      cx, cy = previous[cy][cx]
+    end
+
+    path << [x1, y1]
+    path.reverse!
+  end
+
   def width
     @width * 2 + 1
   end
@@ -114,7 +175,7 @@ class MazeData
   end
 
   def fix_room_entrances!
-    @boss_rooms.each do |x, y|
+    (@boss_rooms + [@start_room]).each do |x, y|
       @grid[y][x + 1] |= N
       @grid[y - 1][x + 1] |= S
     end
@@ -123,10 +184,11 @@ class MazeData
   def crate_rooms!
     base = Math.sqrt(@width * @height / 200.0).round
     num_rooms = rand((base - 1)..(base))
-    num_rooms = 1 if num_rooms < 1
+    num_rooms = (num_rooms < 1 ? 1 : num_rooms) + 1 # for start room
     attempts = 0
+    rooms = []
 
-    while @boss_rooms.size < num_rooms && attempts < 10
+    while rooms.size < num_rooms && attempts < 10
       attempts += 1
 
       x = rand(2..(@width - BOSS_ROOM_SIZE - 2))
@@ -148,8 +210,11 @@ class MazeData
         end
       end
 
-      @boss_rooms << [x, y]
+      rooms << [x, y]
     end
+
+    @start_room = rooms.shift
+    @boss_rooms = rooms
   end
 
   def carve_passages_from(cx, cy)
@@ -168,5 +233,6 @@ class MazeData
 end
 
 if __FILE__ == $0
-
+  maze = MazeData.new(80, 25, standalone: true)
+  maze.print_debug
 end

utils/utils.rb

@@ -9,4 +9,34 @@ def intersects?(rect1, rect2)
   return false if y1 >= y2 + h2   # rect1 is below rect2
 
   true  # overlap exists
+end
+
+def line_of_sight?(x1, y1, x2, y2, rect)
+  rx, ry, rw, rh = rect
+  rx, ry, rw, rh = rx - 2, ry - 2, rw + 4, rh + 4
+
+  # The 4 edges of the rect as line segments
+  edges = [
+    [rx,      ry,      rx + rw, ry     ],  # top
+    [rx,      ry + rh, rx + rw, ry + rh],  # bottom
+    [rx,      ry,      rx,      ry + rh],  # left
+    [rx + rw, ry,      rx + rw, ry + rh],  # right
+  ]
+
+  !(edges.any? { |ex1, ey1, ex2, ey2| segments_intersect?(x1, y1, x2, y2, ex1, ey1, ex2, ey2) })
+end
+
+def segments_intersect?(ax1, ay1, ax2, ay2, bx1, by1, bx2, by2)
+  dx1 = ax2 - ax1
+  dy1 = ay2 - ay1
+  dx2 = bx2 - bx1
+  dy2 = by2 - by1
+
+  denom = dx1 * dy2 - dy1 * dx2
+  return false if denom == 0  # parallel
+
+  t = ((bx1 - ax1) * dy2 - (by1 - ay1) * dx2).to_f / denom
+  u = ((bx1 - ax1) * dy1 - (by1 - ay1) * dx1).to_f / denom
+
+  t.between?(0, 1) && u.between?(0, 1)
 end