Improve highlighting structure

- switched to a sparse delta based map
- true lazy-loading to avoid any unneccessary allocations
- fixed windows management api

README.md

@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@ crib ./filename.ext
 ```
 
 *If `filename.ext` does not exist, it will be created*<br>
+*memory usage is average case 10MB + 2x size of file*<br>
 
 ## Keybindings
 

TODO.md

@@ -2,19 +2,12 @@ Copyright 2025 Syed Daanish
 
 # TODO
 
-# memory usage for debug build (release build will be smaller by about 25%)
-```
-8K   ->    13.2M
-128K ->    13.2M (expected worst case 16.6M)
-128M ->   412.0M (expected worst case 2.3G)
-```
-
 ## Next few super long boring things to do::
 * redo lsp threads such that no mutex needed for any rope stuff (done)
     - Also make the classes own the methods in lsp (done)
     - This will mean that parsers/renderers and keystrokes will not need to be individually locked (done)
     - And so it will be much faster (done)
-    - At which point the main thread can also be blocked on user input or lsp responses and still be fast
+    - At which point the main thread can also be blocked on user input or lsp responses and still be faster
 * Add a superclass for editor called Window (which can be popup or tiled) (done)
 * Add a recursive tiling class for windows (done)
 * Handled by a single renderer that calls and renders each window (done)
@@ -44,6 +37,7 @@ Copyright 2025 Syed Daanish
 * also move default bar and clipboard back into cpp
 * all lsp popups are no longer their own classes but instead windows (extention like) in popup mode
 
+* also **fix click handling to send mouse unclick to the same focus window as the click And also for drag to be same as the starter**
 * skip opening binary files
 * apply themeing in bg log bar lsp popus etc. to keep visual consistency
 * searching/replace/Multi-Cursor (for just one lsp command for all) with pcre2 with regex (started by a slash) (disabled for large files)

include/editor/editor.h

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define EDITOR_H
 
 #include "editor/indents.h"
+#include "extentions/hover.h"
 #include "io/knot.h"
 #include "io/sysio.h"
 #include "syntax/extras.h"
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ struct Editor : Window {
   VAI ai = {};
   std::shared_mutex lsp_mtx;
   std::atomic<struct LSPInstance *> lsp = nullptr;
-  bool hover_active = false;
+  HoverBox *hover_popup = init_hover();
   bool diagnostics_active = false;
   std::atomic<int> lsp_version = 1;
   IndentationEngine indents = {};

include/extentions/hover.h

@@ -6,9 +6,7 @@
 #include "utils/utils.h"
 #include "windows/decl.h"
 
-TileRoot *init_hover();
+struct HoverBox : Popup {
-
-struct HoverBox : Window {
   std::string text;
   std::atomic<bool> is_markup;
   uint32_t scroll_;
@@ -24,8 +22,16 @@ struct HoverBox : Window {
   }
   void scroll(int32_t number);
   void render(std::vector<ScreenCell> &buffer, Coord size, Coord pos) override;
-  void handle_click(KeyEvent, Coord) override { this->hidden = true; };
+  void handle_click(KeyEvent ev, Coord) override {
+    if (ev.mouse_button == SCROLL_BTN && ev.mouse_state == SCROLL) {
+      this->scroll(ev.mouse_direction == SCROLL_UP ? -1 : 1);
+      return;
+    }
+    this->hidden = true;
+  };
   ~HoverBox() {};
 };
 
+HoverBox *init_hover();
+
 #endif

include/io/sysio.h

@@ -96,14 +96,19 @@ inline bool is_empty_cell(const ScreenCell &c) {
   return c.utf8.empty() || c.utf8 == " " || c.utf8 == "\x1b";
 }
 
+namespace io {
 extern std::vector<ScreenCell> new_screen;
+extern uint32_t rows, cols;
+extern bool show_cursor;
+extern std::vector<ScreenCell> old_screen;
+extern termios orig_termios;
+} // namespace io
 
 Coord start_screen();
 void end_screen();
 void set_cursor(uint8_t row, uint8_t col, uint32_t type,
                 bool show_cursor_param);
 void io_render();
-Coord get_size();
 
 KeyEvent read_key();
 

include/main.h

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ extern fs::path pwd;
 
 namespace ui {
 extern Bar bar;
-extern TileRoot *hover_popup;
 } // namespace ui
 
 #endif

include/syntax/decl.h

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 #include "syntax/trie.h"
 
+#define MAX_LINES_LOOKBEHIND 80
+
 struct Highlight {
   uint32_t fg{0xFFFFFF};
   uint32_t bg{0x000000};
@@ -35,10 +37,23 @@ struct Token {
   TokenKind type;
 };
 
+struct StateBase {
+  virtual ~StateBase() = default;
+  virtual std::unique_ptr<StateBase> clone() const = 0;
+};
+
+struct CustomState : StateBase {
+  std::string value;
+  explicit CustomState(std::string v) : value(std::move(v)) {}
+  std::unique_ptr<StateBase> clone() const override {
+    return std::make_unique<CustomState>(value);
+  }
+};
+
 struct LineData {
-  std::shared_ptr<void> in_state{nullptr};
+  std::unique_ptr<StateBase> out_state;
   std::vector<Token> tokens;
-  std::shared_ptr<void> out_state{nullptr};
+  std::unique_ptr<StateBase> in_state;
 };
 
 #endif

include/syntax/langs.h

@@ -4,29 +4,19 @@
 #include "syntax/decl.h"
 
 #define DEF_LANG(name)                                                         \
-  std::shared_ptr<void> name##_parse(                                          \
+  std::unique_ptr<StateBase> name##_parse(                                     \
-      std::vector<Token> *tokens, std::shared_ptr<void> in_state,              \
+      std::vector<Token> *tokens, StateBase *in_state, const char *text,       \
-      const char *text, uint32_t len, uint32_t line_num);                      \
+      uint32_t len, uint32_t line_num);                                        \
-  bool name##_state_match(std::shared_ptr<void> state_1,                       \
+  bool name##_state_match(StateBase *state_1, StateBase *state_2);
-                          std::shared_ptr<void> state_2);
 
 #define LANG_A(name)                                                           \
   {                                                                            \
     #name, { name##_parse, name##_state_match }                                \
   }
 
-template <typename T>
+template <typename B, typename A>
-inline std::shared_ptr<T> ensure_state(std::shared_ptr<T> state) {
+std::unique_ptr<B> static_unique_ptr_cast(std::unique_ptr<A> &&p) {
-  using U = typename T::full_state_type;
+  return std::unique_ptr<B>(static_cast<B *>(p.release()));
-  if (!state)
-    state = std::make_shared<T>();
-  if (!state.unique())
-    state = std::make_shared<T>(*state);
-  if (!state->full_state)
-    state->full_state = std::make_shared<U>();
-  else if (!state->full_state.unique())
-    state->full_state = std::make_shared<U>(*state->full_state);
-  return state;
 }
 
 DEF_LANG(ruby);
@@ -34,11 +24,10 @@ DEF_LANG(bash);
 
 inline static const std::unordered_map<
     std::string,
-    std::tuple<std::shared_ptr<void> (*)(
+    std::tuple<std::unique_ptr<StateBase> (*)(
-                   std::vector<Token> *tokens, std::shared_ptr<void> in_state,
+                   std::vector<Token> *tokens, StateBase *in_state,
                    const char *text, uint32_t len, uint32_t line_num),
-               bool (*)(std::shared_ptr<void> state_1,
+               bool (*)(StateBase *state_1, StateBase *state_2)>>
-                        std::shared_ptr<void> state_2)>>
     parsers = {
         LANG_A(ruby),
         LANG_A(bash),

include/syntax/line_map.h

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#ifndef LINE_MAP_H
+#define LINE_MAP_H
+
+#include "syntax/decl.h"
+
+struct LineKey {
+  uint32_t line;
+  uint32_t version;
+  bool operator==(const LineKey &other) const {
+    return line == other.line && version == other.version;
+  }
+};
+
+struct LineKeyHash {
+  size_t operator()(const LineKey &key) const {
+    uint64_t combined = (uint64_t(key.line) << 32) | key.version;
+    return std::hash<uint64_t>()(combined);
+  }
+};
+
+struct EditDelta {
+  uint32_t start_line;
+  int64_t delta;
+};
+
+struct LineMap {
+  LineMap() : current_version(0) { edit_log.push_back({0, 0}); }
+
+  LineData *at(uint32_t line) {
+    auto key_opt = resolve_line(line);
+    if (!key_opt)
+      return nullptr;
+    LineKey key = *key_opt;
+    if (key.version == current_version)
+      return lines[key].get();
+    auto data_ptr = std::move(lines[key]);
+    lines.erase(key);
+    key = {line, current_version};
+    lines[key] = std::move(data_ptr);
+    return lines[key].get();
+  }
+
+  LineData *create_at(uint32_t line) {
+    auto key_opt = resolve_line(line);
+    LineKey key;
+    std::unique_ptr<LineData> data_ptr;
+    if (key_opt) {
+      key = *key_opt;
+      if (key.version == current_version)
+        return lines[key].get();
+      data_ptr = std::move(lines[key]);
+      lines.erase(key);
+    } else {
+      data_ptr = std::make_unique<LineData>();
+    }
+    key = {line, current_version};
+    lines[key] = std::move(data_ptr);
+    return lines[key].get();
+  }
+
+  void apply_edit(uint32_t start, int64_t delta) {
+    if (delta < 0) {
+      int64_t count = -delta;
+      for (int64_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        auto key = resolve_line(start + i);
+        if (!key)
+          continue;
+        lines.erase(*key);
+      }
+    }
+    current_version++;
+    edit_log.push_back({start, delta});
+  }
+
+private:
+  std::unordered_map<LineKey, std::unique_ptr<LineData>, LineKeyHash> lines;
+
+  std::vector<EditDelta> edit_log;
+
+  uint32_t current_version;
+
+  std::optional<LineKey> resolve_line(uint32_t line) {
+    uint32_t current_line = line;
+    for (int64_t v = current_version; v >= 0; v--) {
+      LineKey key = {current_line, (uint32_t)v};
+      if (lines.find(key) != lines.end())
+        return key;
+      const auto &edit = edit_log[v];
+      if (edit.delta > 0) {
+        if (current_line >= edit.start_line) {
+          if (current_line < edit.start_line + edit.delta)
+            return std::nullopt;
+          current_line -= edit.delta;
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (current_line >= edit.start_line)
+          current_line -= edit.delta;
+      }
+    }
+    return std::nullopt;
+  }
+};
+
+#endif

include/syntax/line_tree.h

@@ -1,232 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef LINE_TREE_H
-#define LINE_TREE_H
-
-#include "syntax/decl.h"
-
-struct LineTree {
-  void clear() {
-    clear_node(root);
-    root = nullptr;
-    stack_size = 0;
-  }
-  void build(uint32_t x) { root = build_node(x); }
-  LineData *at(uint32_t x) {
-    LineNode *n = root;
-    while (n) {
-      uint32_t left_size = n->left ? n->left->size : 0;
-      if (x < left_size) {
-        n = n->left;
-      } else if (x < left_size + n->data.size()) {
-        return &n->data[x - left_size];
-      } else {
-        x -= left_size + n->data.size();
-        n = n->right;
-      }
-    }
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-  LineData *start_iter(uint32_t x) {
-    stack_size = 0;
-    LineNode *n = root;
-    while (n) {
-      uint32_t left_size = n->left ? n->left->size : 0;
-      if (x < left_size) {
-        push(n, 0);
-        n = n->left;
-      } else if (x < left_size + n->data.size()) {
-        push(n, x - left_size + 1);
-        return &n->data[x - left_size];
-      } else {
-        x -= left_size + n->data.size();
-        push(n, UINT32_MAX);
-        n = n->right;
-      }
-    }
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-  void end_iter() { stack_size = 0; }
-  LineData *next() {
-    while (stack_size) {
-      auto &f = stack[stack_size - 1];
-      LineNode *n = f.node;
-      if (f.index < n->data.size())
-        return &n->data[f.index++];
-      stack_size--;
-      if (n->right) {
-        n = n->right;
-        while (n) {
-          push(n, 0);
-          if (!n->left)
-            break;
-          n = n->left;
-        }
-        return &stack[stack_size - 1].node->data[0];
-      }
-    }
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-  void insert(uint32_t x, uint32_t y) {
-    if (x > subtree_size(root))
-      x = subtree_size(root);
-    root = insert_node(root, x, y);
-  }
-  void erase(uint32_t x, uint32_t y) {
-    if (x + y > subtree_size(root))
-      x = subtree_size(root) - y;
-    root = erase_node(root, x, y);
-  }
-  uint32_t count() { return subtree_size(root); }
-  ~LineTree() { clear(); }
-
-private:
-  struct LineNode {
-    LineNode *left = nullptr;
-    LineNode *right = nullptr;
-    uint8_t depth = 1;
-    uint32_t size = 0;
-    std::vector<LineData> data;
-  };
-  struct Frame {
-    LineNode *node;
-    uint32_t index;
-  };
-  void push(LineNode *n, uint32_t x) {
-    stack[stack_size].node = n;
-    stack[stack_size].index = x;
-    stack_size++;
-  }
-  static void clear_node(LineNode *n) {
-    if (!n)
-      return;
-    clear_node(n->left);
-    clear_node(n->right);
-    delete n;
-  }
-  LineNode *root = nullptr;
-  Frame stack[32];
-  std::atomic<uint8_t> stack_size = 0;
-  static constexpr uint32_t LEAF_TARGET = 256;
-  LineTree::LineNode *erase_node(LineNode *n, uint32_t x, uint32_t y) {
-    if (!n || y == 0)
-      return n;
-    uint32_t left_sz = subtree_size(n->left);
-    uint32_t mid_sz = n->data.size();
-    if (x < left_sz) {
-      uint32_t len = std::min(y, left_sz - x);
-      n->left = erase_node(n->left, x, len);
-      y -= len;
-      x = left_sz;
-    }
-    if (y > 0 && x < left_sz + mid_sz) {
-      uint32_t mid_x = x - left_sz;
-      uint32_t len = std::min(y, mid_sz - mid_x);
-      n->data.erase(n->data.begin() + mid_x, n->data.begin() + mid_x + len);
-      y -= len;
-      x += len;
-    }
-    if (y > 0) {
-      n->right = erase_node(n->right, x - left_sz - n->data.size(), y);
-    }
-    if (n->left && n->right &&
-        subtree_size(n->left) + subtree_size(n->right) < 256) {
-      return merge(n->left, n->right);
-    }
-    return rebalance(n);
-  }
-  LineTree::LineNode *insert_node(LineNode *n, uint32_t x, uint32_t y) {
-    if (!n) {
-      auto *leaf = new LineNode();
-      leaf->data.resize(y);
-      leaf->size = y;
-      return leaf;
-    }
-    if (!n->left && !n->right) {
-      n->data.insert(n->data.begin() + x, y, LineData());
-      fix(n);
-      if (n->data.size() > 512)
-        return split_leaf(n);
-      return n;
-    }
-    uint32_t left_size = subtree_size(n->left);
-    if (x <= left_size)
-      n->left = insert_node(n->left, x, y);
-    else
-      n->right = insert_node(n->right, x - left_size - n->data.size(), y);
-    return rebalance(n);
-  }
-  LineNode *build_node(uint32_t count) {
-    if (count <= LEAF_TARGET) {
-      auto *n = new LineNode();
-      n->data.resize(count);
-      n->size = count;
-      return n;
-    }
-    uint32_t left_count = count / 2;
-    uint32_t right_count = count - left_count;
-    auto *n = new LineNode();
-    n->left = build_node(left_count);
-    n->right = build_node(right_count);
-    fix(n);
-    return n;
-  }
-  static LineNode *split_leaf(LineNode *n) {
-    auto *right = new LineNode();
-    size_t mid = n->data.size() / 2;
-    right->data.assign(n->data.begin() + mid, n->data.end());
-    n->data.resize(mid);
-    fix(n);
-    fix(right);
-    auto *parent = new LineNode();
-    parent->left = n;
-    parent->right = right;
-    fix(parent);
-    return parent;
-  }
-  static LineNode *merge(LineNode *a, LineNode *b) {
-    a->data.insert(a->data.end(), b->data.begin(), b->data.end());
-    delete b;
-    fix(a);
-    return a;
-  }
-  static void fix(LineNode *n) {
-    n->depth = 1 + MAX(height(n->left), height(n->right));
-    n->size = subtree_size(n->left) + n->data.size() + subtree_size(n->right);
-  }
-  static LineNode *rotate_right(LineNode *y) {
-    LineNode *x = y->left;
-    LineNode *T2 = x->right;
-    x->right = y;
-    y->left = T2;
-    fix(y);
-    fix(x);
-    return x;
-  }
-  static LineNode *rotate_left(LineNode *x) {
-    LineNode *y = x->right;
-    LineNode *T2 = y->left;
-    y->left = x;
-    x->right = T2;
-    fix(x);
-    fix(y);
-    return y;
-  }
-  static LineNode *rebalance(LineNode *n) {
-    fix(n);
-    int balance = int(height(n->left)) - int(height(n->right));
-    if (balance > 1) {
-      if (height(n->left->left) < height(n->left->right))
-        n->left = rotate_left(n->left);
-      return rotate_right(n);
-    }
-    if (balance < -1) {
-      if (height(n->right->right) < height(n->right->left))
-        n->right = rotate_right(n->right);
-      return rotate_left(n);
-    }
-    return n;
-  }
-  static uint8_t height(LineNode *n) { return n ? n->depth : 0; }
-  static uint32_t subtree_size(LineNode *n) { return n ? n->size : 0; }
-};
-
-#endif

include/syntax/parser.h

@@ -3,24 +3,22 @@
 
 #include "ruby/decl.h"
 #include "syntax/decl.h"
-#include "syntax/line_tree.h"
+#include "syntax/line_map.h"
 
 struct Parser {
   struct Editor *editor = nullptr;
   std::string lang;
-  std::shared_ptr<void> (*parse_func)(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
+  std::unique_ptr<StateBase> (*parse_func)(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
-                                      std::shared_ptr<void> in_state,
+                                           StateBase *in_state,
                                            const char *text, uint32_t len,
                                            uint32_t line_num);
-  bool (*state_match_func)(std::shared_ptr<void> state_1,
+  bool (*state_match_func)(StateBase *state_1, StateBase *state_2);
-                           std::shared_ptr<void> state_2);
   mrb_value parser_block = mrb_nil_value();
   mrb_value match_block = mrb_nil_value();
   bool is_custom{false};
   std::atomic<uint32_t> scroll_max{0};
   std::atomic<bool> scroll_dirty{false};
-  LineTree line_tree;
+  LineMap line_map = LineMap();
-  UniqueQueue<uint32_t> dirty_lines;
 
   Parser(Editor *editor, std::string n_lang, uint32_t n_scroll_max);
   void edit(uint32_t start_line, uint32_t removed_rows, uint32_t inserted_rows);

include/utils/utils.h

@@ -92,6 +92,11 @@ struct Coord {
   bool operator>=(const Coord &other) const { return !(*this < other); }
 };
 
+static inline bool inside(Coord c, Coord pos, Coord size) {
+  return c.row >= pos.row && c.col >= pos.col && c.row - pos.row < size.row &&
+         c.col - pos.col < size.col;
+}
+
 struct Match {
   size_t start;
   size_t end;

include/windows/decl.h

@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ struct Window : Tile {
   virtual std::array<std::string, 5> bar_info() { return {}; };
 };
 
+struct Popup : Window {
+  Coord pos;
+  Coord size;
+  virtual ~Popup() = default;
+};
+
 struct TileBlock : Tile {
   bool vertical;
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Tile>> tiles;
@@ -82,11 +88,12 @@ struct TileBlock : Tile {
   }
 };
 
-struct TileRoot {
+struct TileBase {
   std::unique_ptr<Tile> tile;
   Coord pos;
   Coord size;
 
+  inline bool hidden() { return this->tile->hidden; }
   void render(std::vector<ScreenCell> &buffer) {
     if (this->tile->hidden)
       return;
@@ -97,21 +104,23 @@ struct TileRoot {
     event.mouse_y -= this->pos.row;
     this->tile->handle_click(event, size);
   }
-  bool inside(uint32_t x, uint32_t y) {
-    return x >= pos.col && x < pos.col + size.col && y >= pos.row &&
-           y < pos.row + size.row;
-  }
 };
 
-extern TileRoot root_tile;
+namespace layout {
-extern std::vector<std::unique_ptr<TileRoot>> popups;
+extern TileBase root_tile;
 extern Window *focused_window;
+extern std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Popup>> popups;
+extern std::vector<std::unique_ptr<TileBase>> floating_tiles;
+} // namespace layout
 
-inline void close_popup(TileRoot *handle) {
+inline void close(Popup *handle) {
-  auto it = std::find_if(popups.begin(), popups.end(),
+  std::erase_if(layout::popups,
+                [handle](const auto &p) { return p.get() == handle; });
+}
+
+inline void close(TileBase *handle) {
+  std::erase_if(layout::floating_tiles,
                 [handle](const auto &p) { return p.get() == handle; });
-  if (it != popups.end())
-    popups.erase(it);
 }
 
 void render();

src/editor/events.cc

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 
 void Editor::handle_event(KeyEvent event) {
   uint8_t old_mode = mode;
-  if (this->hover_active)
+  if (!this->hover_popup->hidden)
-    this->hover_active = false;
+    this->hover_popup->hidden = true;
   if (event.key_type == KEY_SPECIAL) {
     switch (event.special_modifier) {
     case 0:
@@ -67,12 +67,12 @@ void Editor::handle_event(KeyEvent event) {
         this->select_all();
         break;
       case CTRL('h'):
-        static_cast<HoverBox *>(ui::hover_popup->tile.get())->scroll(-1);
+        this->hover_popup->scroll(-1);
-        this->hover_active = true;
+        this->hover_popup->hidden = false;
         break;
       case CTRL('l'):
-        static_cast<HoverBox *>(ui::hover_popup->tile.get())->scroll(1);
+        this->hover_popup->scroll(1);
-        this->hover_active = true;
+        this->hover_popup->hidden = false;
         break;
       case 'h':
         this->fetch_lsp_hover();

src/editor/helpers.cc

@@ -410,11 +410,10 @@ void Editor::fetch_lsp_hover() {
           hover_text += contents.get<std::string>();
         }
         if (!hover_text.empty()) {
-          auto hover_box = static_cast<HoverBox *>(ui::hover_popup->tile.get());
+          message.editor->hover_popup->clear();
-          hover_box->clear();
+          message.editor->hover_popup->text = clean_text(hover_text);
-          hover_box->text = clean_text(hover_text);
+          message.editor->hover_popup->is_markup = is_markup;
-          hover_box->is_markup = is_markup;
+          message.editor->hover_popup->hidden = false;
-          message.editor->hover_active = true;
         }
       }
     };
@@ -423,12 +422,14 @@ void Editor::fetch_lsp_hover() {
 }
 
 void Editor::handle_click(KeyEvent event, Coord size) {
-  focused_window = this;
+  layout::focused_window = this;
   this->size = size;
   static std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point last_click_time =
       std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
   static uint32_t click_count = 0;
   static Coord last_click_pos = {UINT32_MAX, UINT32_MAX};
+  if (!this->hover_popup->hidden)
+    this->hover_popup->hidden = true;
   if (event.key_type == KEY_MOUSE) {
     auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
     auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(

src/editor/renderer.cc

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ void Editor::render(std::vector<ScreenCell> &buffer, Coord size, Coord pos) {
         return (int)token.type;
     return 0;
   };
-  Coord screen = get_size();
+  Coord screen = {io::rows, io::cols};
   auto update = [&](uint32_t row, uint32_t col, std::string text, uint32_t fg,
                     uint32_t bg, uint8_t flags, uint32_t u_color,
                     uint32_t width) {
@@ -115,12 +115,8 @@ void Editor::render(std::vector<ScreenCell> &buffer, Coord size, Coord pos) {
   while (rendered_rows < this->size.row) {
     uint32_t line_len;
     char *line = next_line(it, &line_len);
-    if (this->parser) {
+    if (this->parser)
-      if (line_data)
+      line_data = this->parser->line_map.at(line_index);
-        line_data = this->parser->line_tree.next();
-      else
-        line_data = this->parser->line_tree.start_iter(line_index);
-    }
     if (!line)
       break;
     if (line_len > 0 && line[line_len - 1] == '\n')
@@ -477,8 +473,8 @@ void Editor::render(std::vector<ScreenCell> &buffer, Coord size, Coord pos) {
     //   this->hover.render(cursor);
     // else if (this->diagnostics_active)
     //   this->diagnostics.render(cursor);
-    if (this->hover_active)
+    if (!this->hover_popup->hidden)
-      ui::hover_popup->pos = cursor;
+      this->hover_popup->pos = cursor;
   }
   free(it->buffer);
   free(it);

src/extentions/hover.cc

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 #include "extentions/hover.h"
+#include "io/sysio.h"
 #include "syntax/decl.h"
 #include "windows/decl.h"
 
-TileRoot *init_hover() {
+HoverBox *init_hover() {
-  auto root = std::make_unique<TileRoot>();
+  auto hover = std::make_unique<HoverBox>();
-  root->tile = std::make_unique<HoverBox>();
+  hover->pos = {0, 0};
-  root->pos = {0, 0};
+  hover->size = {1, 1};
-  root->size = {1, 1};
+  hover->hidden = true;
-  root->tile->hidden = true;
+  HoverBox *ptr = hover.get();
-  popups.push_back(std::move(root));
+  layout::popups.push_back(std::move(hover));
-  return popups.back().get();
+  return ptr;
 }
 
 void HoverBox::scroll(int32_t number) {
@@ -25,20 +26,25 @@ void HoverBox::scroll(int32_t number) {
   scroll_dirty = true;
 }
 
-void HoverBox::render(std::vector<ScreenCell> &buffer, Coord size, Coord pos) {
+void HoverBox::render(std::vector<ScreenCell> &buffer, Coord n_size,
+                      Coord n_pos) {
+  pos = n_pos;
+  size = n_size;
   if (scroll_dirty) {
     // TODO: call syntax highlighter here
   }
-  // int32_t start_row = (int32_t)pos.row - (int32_t)size.row;
+  int32_t start_row = (int32_t)pos.row - (int32_t)size.row;
-  // if (start_row < 0)
+  if (start_row < 0)
-  //   start_row = pos.row + 1;
+    start_row = pos.row + 1;
-  // int32_t start_col = pos.col; // pos here is the cursor pos
+  int32_t start_col = pos.col; // pos here is the cursor pos
-  Coord screen_size = get_size();
+  Coord screen_size = {io::rows, io::cols};
-  // if (start_col + size.col > screen_size.col) {
+  if (start_col + size.col > screen_size.col) {
-  //   start_col = screen_size.col - size.col;
+    start_col = screen_size.col - size.col;
-  //   if (start_col < 0)
+    if (start_col < 0)
-  //     start_col = 0;
+      start_col = 0;
-  // }
+  }
+  pos.col = start_col;
+  pos.row = start_row;
   uint32_t longest_line = 0;
   uint32_t current_width = 0;
   for (size_t j = 0; j < text.length(); j++) {
@@ -69,6 +75,8 @@ void HoverBox::render(std::vector<ScreenCell> &buffer, Coord size, Coord pos) {
       return;
     r += pos.row;
     c += pos.col;
+    if (r < 0 || r >= screen_size.row || c < 0 || c >= screen_size.col)
+      return;
     ScreenCell &cell = buffer[r * screen_size.col + c];
     cell.utf8 = text;
     cell.width = width;
@@ -103,6 +111,8 @@ void HoverBox::render(std::vector<ScreenCell> &buffer, Coord size, Coord pos) {
       for (int w = 1; w < width; w++)
         set(r + 1, c - w + 1, "\x1b", 0xFFFFFF, base_bg, 0, 0);
     }
+    while (c < content_width)
+      set(r + 1, ++c, " ", 0xFFFFFF, base_bg, 0, 0);
     r++;
   }
   if (scroll_dirty)

src/io/renderer.cc

@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
 #include "io/sysio.h"
 
+namespace io {
 std::vector<ScreenCell> new_screen;
-static uint32_t rows, cols;
+uint32_t rows, cols;
-static bool show_cursor = 0;
+bool show_cursor = 0;
-static std::vector<ScreenCell> old_screen;
+std::vector<ScreenCell> old_screen;
-static termios orig_termios;
+termios orig_termios;
+} // namespace io
+
+using namespace io;
 
 void disable_raw_mode() {
   std::string os = "\x1b[?1049l\x1b[2 q\x1b[?1002l\x1b[?25h\x1b[?2004l";
   write(STDOUT_FILENO, os.c_str(), os.size());
-  if (tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSAFLUSH, &orig_termios) == -1) {
+  if (tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSAFLUSH, &io::orig_termios) == -1) {
     perror("tcsetattr");
     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }
@@ -45,8 +49,6 @@ Coord start_screen() {
 
 void end_screen() { disable_raw_mode(); }
 
-Coord get_size() { return {rows, cols}; }
-
 void io_render() {
   static bool first_render = true;
   uint32_t current_fg = 0;

src/main.cc

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include "main.h"
 #include "editor/editor.h"
-#include "extentions/hover.h"
 #include "io/sysio.h"
 #include "lsp/lsp.h"
 #include "ruby/decl.h"
@@ -15,7 +14,6 @@ std::atomic<uint8_t> mode = NORMAL;
 
 namespace ui {
 Bar bar;
-TileRoot *hover_popup = nullptr;
 } // namespace ui
 
 void background_lsp() {
@@ -33,13 +31,14 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
   const char *filename = (argc > 1) ? argv[1] : "";
   uint8_t eol = read_line_endings();
 
-  ui::hover_popup = init_hover();
+  layout::root_tile.pos = {0, 0};
+  layout::root_tile.size = {screen.row - 2, screen.col - 1};
+  auto editor = std::make_unique<Editor>(filename, eol);
+  layout::focused_window = editor.get();
+  auto block = std::make_unique<TileBlock>();
+  block->tiles.push_back(std::move(editor));
+  layout::root_tile.tile = std::move(block);
 
-  root_tile.size = {screen.row - 2, screen.col - 1};
-  root_tile.pos = {0, 0};
-
-  root_tile.tile = std::make_unique<Editor>(filename, eol);
-  focused_window = static_cast<Editor *>(root_tile.tile.get());
   ui::bar.init(screen);
 
   std::thread lsp_thread(background_lsp);
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         if (event.key_type == KEY_MOUSE) {
           handle_click(event);
         } else {
-          focused_window->handle_event(event);
+          layout::focused_window->handle_event(event);
         }
       } else {
         ui::bar.handle_event(event);
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     }
     for (auto &lsp_inst : lsp::active_lsps)
       lsp_inst.second->callbacks();
-    focused_window->work();
+    layout::focused_window->work();
     throttle(4ms, render);
     throttle(4ms, io_render);
   }

src/syntax/bash.cc

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ struct BashFullState {
   bool line_cont = false;
 
   struct Lit {
-    std::string delim = ""; // Only 1 wide for strings
+    std::string delim = "";
     bool allow_interp = false;
 
     bool operator==(const BashFullState::Lit &other) const {
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ struct BashFullState {
   }
 };
 
-struct BashState {
+struct BashState : StateBase {
   using full_state_type = BashFullState;
 
   int interp_level = 0;
@@ -37,26 +37,32 @@ struct BashState {
            ((full_state && other.full_state &&
              *full_state == *other.full_state));
   }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<StateBase> clone() const override {
+    return std::make_unique<BashState>(*this);
+  }
 };
 
-bool bash_state_match(std::shared_ptr<void> state_1,
+bool bash_state_match(StateBase *state_1, StateBase *state_2) {
-                      std::shared_ptr<void> state_2) {
   if (!state_1 || !state_2)
     return false;
-  return *std::static_pointer_cast<BashState>(state_1) ==
+  return *static_cast<BashState *>(state_1) ==
-         *std::static_pointer_cast<BashState>(state_2);
+         *static_cast<BashState *>(state_2);
 }
 
-std::shared_ptr<void> bash_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
+std::unique_ptr<StateBase> bash_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
-                                 std::shared_ptr<void> in_state,
+                                      StateBase *in_state, const char *text,
-                                 const char *text, uint32_t len,
+                                      uint32_t len, uint32_t line_num) {
-                                 uint32_t line_num) {
   static bool keywords_trie_init = false;
   if (!keywords_trie_init) {
     keywords_trie_init = true;
   }
   tokens->clear();
-  auto state = ensure_state(std::static_pointer_cast<BashState>(in_state));
+  std::unique_ptr<BashState> state;
+  if (in_state)
+    state = static_unique_ptr_cast<BashState>(in_state->clone());
+  else
+    state = std::make_unique<BashState>();
   uint32_t i = 0;
   while (len > 0 && (text[len - 1] == '\n' || text[len - 1] == '\r' ||
                      text[len - 1] == '\t' || text[len - 1] == ' '))

src/syntax/parser.cc

@@ -26,21 +26,19 @@ Parser::Parser(Editor *n_editor, std::string n_lang, uint32_t n_scroll_max) {
       assert("unknown lang should be checked by caller" && 0);
     }
   }
-  edit(0, 0, editor->root->line_count + 1);
+  line_map.apply_edit(0, editor->root->line_count + 1);
 }
 
 void Parser::edit(uint32_t start_line, uint32_t removed_rows,
                   uint32_t inserted_rows) {
   int64_t delta = (int64_t)inserted_rows - (int64_t)removed_rows;
-  if (delta < 0)
+  line_map.apply_edit(start_line, delta);
-    line_tree.erase(start_line, (uint32_t)(-delta));
-  else if (delta > 0)
-    line_tree.insert(start_line, (uint32_t)delta);
   uint32_t span = MAX(removed_rows, inserted_rows);
   uint32_t begin = (start_line > 0) ? start_line - 1 : 0;
   uint32_t end = start_line + span;
   for (uint32_t line = begin; line <= end + 1; ++line)
-    dirty_lines.push(line);
+    if (LineData *ld = line_map.at(line))
+      ld->out_state = nullptr;
 }
 
 void Parser::work() {
@@ -48,32 +46,30 @@ void Parser::work() {
     return;
   std::vector<uint32_t> batch;
   uint32_t c_line;
-  while (dirty_lines.pop(c_line))
+  uint32_t line_count = editor->root->line_count + 1;
-    batch.push_back(c_line);
+  for (uint32_t i = MAX(0, (int64_t)scroll_max - MAX_LINES_LOOKBEHIND);
-  uint32_t i = MAX(0, (int64_t)scroll_max - 60);
+       i <= scroll_max + 10 && i < line_count; ++i) {
-  LineData *l_iter = line_tree.start_iter(i);
+    auto l_opt = line_map.at(i);
-  while (l_iter && i < scroll_max + 10) {
+    if (!l_opt || (l_opt && !l_opt->out_state))
-    if (!l_iter->out_state)
       batch.push_back(i);
     i++;
-    l_iter = line_tree.next();
   }
-  line_tree.end_iter();
   for (uint32_t c_line : batch) {
     if (!running.load(std::memory_order_relaxed))
       break;
-    uint32_t min_line = scroll_max > 60 ? scroll_max - 60 : 0;
+    uint32_t min_line = scroll_max > MAX_LINES_LOOKBEHIND
+                            ? scroll_max - MAX_LINES_LOOKBEHIND
+                            : 0;
     uint32_t max_line = scroll_max + 10;
-    if (c_line < min_line || c_line > max_line) {
+    if (c_line < min_line || c_line > max_line)
-      dirty_lines.push(c_line);
       continue;
-    }
     uint32_t scroll_snapshot = scroll_max;
-    std::shared_ptr<void> prev_state = nullptr;
+    std::unique_ptr<StateBase> prev_state = nullptr;
-    uint32_t line_count;
+    if (c_line > 0 && c_line < line_count) {
-    line_count = line_tree.count();
+      auto lm = line_map.at(c_line - 1);
-    if (c_line > 0 && c_line < line_count)
+      if (lm && lm->out_state)
-      prev_state = line_tree.at(c_line - 1)->out_state;
+        prev_state = lm->out_state ? lm->out_state->clone() : nullptr;
+    }
     LineIterator *it = begin_l_iter(editor->root, c_line);
     if (!it)
       continue;
@@ -81,60 +77,57 @@ void Parser::work() {
     while (cur_line < line_count) {
       if (!running.load(std::memory_order_relaxed))
         break;
-      if (scroll_snapshot != scroll_max) {
+      if (scroll_snapshot != scroll_max)
-        LineData *line_data = line_tree.at(cur_line);
-        if (line_data && !line_data->out_state)
-          dirty_lines.push(cur_line);
         break;
-      }
+      if (cur_line < min_line || cur_line > max_line)
-      if (cur_line < min_line || cur_line > max_line) {
-        dirty_lines.push(cur_line);
         break;
-      }
       uint32_t len;
       char *line = next_line(it, &len);
       if (!line)
         break;
-      LineData *line_data = line_tree.at(cur_line);
+      LineData *line_data = line_map.create_at(cur_line);
-      if (!line_data) {
+      std::unique_ptr<StateBase> new_state;
-        cur_line++;
-        continue;
-      }
-      std::shared_ptr<void> new_state;
       if (is_custom) {
-        std::string state = "";
+        std::string prev_value = "";
-        if (prev_state)
+        if (prev_state) {
-          state = std::static_pointer_cast<std::string>(prev_state)->c_str();
+          CustomState *prev_custom =
-        std::string out_state = parse_custom(&line_data->tokens, parser_block,
+              static_cast<CustomState *>(prev_state.get());
-                                             line, len, state, cur_line);
+          prev_value = prev_custom->value;
-        new_state = std::make_shared<std::string>(out_state);
-      } else {
-        new_state =
-            parse_func(&line_data->tokens, prev_state, line, len, cur_line);
         }
-      line_data->in_state = prev_state;
+        std::string out_value = parse_custom(&line_data->tokens, parser_block,
-      line_data->out_state = new_state;
+                                             line, len, prev_value, cur_line);
+        new_state = std::make_unique<CustomState>(out_value);
+      } else {
+        new_state = parse_func(&line_data->tokens, prev_state.get(), line, len,
+                               cur_line);
+      }
+      line_data->in_state = std::move(prev_state);
+      line_data->out_state = std::move(new_state);
       bool done = false;
       if (cur_line + 1 < line_count) {
-        LineData *next_line_data = line_tree.at(cur_line + 1);
+        LineData *next_line_data = line_map.at(cur_line + 1);
         if (next_line_data) {
           if (is_custom) {
-            std::string a =
+            std::string a = "";
-                prev_state
+            if (new_state) {
-                    ? std::static_pointer_cast<std::string>(new_state)->c_str()
+              CustomState *cs = static_cast<CustomState *>(new_state.get());
-                    : "";
+              a = cs->value;
-            std::string b = next_line_data->in_state
+            }
-                                ? std::static_pointer_cast<std::string>(
+            std::string b = "";
-                                      next_line_data->in_state)
+            if (next_line_data->in_state) {
-                                      ->c_str()
+              CustomState *cs =
-                                : "";
+                  static_cast<CustomState *>(next_line_data->in_state.get());
+              b = cs->value;
+            }
             done = custom_compare(match_block, a, b);
           } else {
-            done = state_match_func(new_state, next_line_data->in_state);
+            done = state_match_func(new_state.get(),
+                                    next_line_data->in_state.get());
           }
         }
       }
-      prev_state = new_state;
+      prev_state =
+          line_data->out_state ? line_data->out_state->clone() : nullptr;
       cur_line++;
       if (done)
         break;

src/syntax/ruby.cc

@@ -241,20 +241,22 @@ struct RubyFullState {
   }
 };
 
-struct RubyState {
+struct RubyState : StateBase {
   using full_state_type = RubyFullState;
 
   int interp_level = 0;
-  std::stack<std::shared_ptr<RubyFullState>> interp_stack;
+  std::stack<RubyFullState> interp_stack;
-  std::shared_ptr<RubyFullState> full_state;
+  RubyFullState full_state;
   std::deque<HeredocInfo> heredocs;
 
   bool operator==(const RubyState &other) const {
     return interp_level == other.interp_level &&
            interp_stack == other.interp_stack &&
-           ((full_state && other.full_state &&
+           full_state == other.full_state && heredocs == other.heredocs;
-             *full_state == *other.full_state)) &&
+  }
-           heredocs == other.heredocs;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<StateBase> clone() const override {
+    return std::make_unique<RubyState>(*this);
   }
 };
 
@@ -278,18 +280,16 @@ inline static uint32_t get_next_word(const char *text, uint32_t i,
   return width;
 }
 
-bool ruby_state_match(std::shared_ptr<void> state_1,
+bool ruby_state_match(StateBase *state_1, StateBase *state_2) {
-                      std::shared_ptr<void> state_2) {
   if (!state_1 || !state_2)
     return false;
-  return *std::static_pointer_cast<RubyState>(state_1) ==
+  return *static_cast<RubyState *>(state_1) ==
-         *std::static_pointer_cast<RubyState>(state_2);
+         *static_cast<RubyState *>(state_2);
 }
 
-std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
+std::unique_ptr<StateBase> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
-                                 std::shared_ptr<void> in_state,
+                                      StateBase *in_state, const char *text,
-                                 const char *text, uint32_t len,
+                                      uint32_t len, uint32_t line_num) {
-                                 uint32_t line_num) {
   static bool keywords_trie_init = false;
   static Trie<void> base_keywords_trie;
   static Trie<void> expecting_keywords_trie;
@@ -313,7 +313,11 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
     keywords_trie_init = true;
   }
   tokens->clear();
-  auto state = ensure_state(std::static_pointer_cast<RubyState>(in_state));
+  std::unique_ptr<RubyState> state;
+  if (in_state)
+    state = static_unique_ptr_cast<RubyState>(in_state->clone());
+  else
+    state = std::make_unique<RubyState>();
   uint32_t i = 0;
   while (len > 0 && (text[len - 1] == '\n' || text[len - 1] == '\r' ||
                      text[len - 1] == '\t' || text[len - 1] == ' '))
@@ -322,18 +326,18 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
     return state;
   bool heredoc_first = false;
   while (i < len) {
-    if (state->full_state->in_state == RubyFullState::END)
+    if (state->full_state.in_state == RubyFullState::END)
       return state;
-    if (state->full_state->in_state == RubyFullState::COMMENT) {
+    if (state->full_state.in_state == RubyFullState::COMMENT) {
       tokens->push_back({i, len, TokenKind::K_COMMENT});
       if (i == 0 && len == 4 && text[i] == '=' && text[i + 1] == 'e' &&
           text[i + 2] == 'n' && text[i + 3] == 'd') {
-        state->full_state->in_state = RubyFullState::NONE;
+        state->full_state.in_state = RubyFullState::NONE;
       }
       return state;
     }
     if (!heredoc_first &&
-        state->full_state->in_state == RubyFullState::HEREDOC) {
+        state->full_state.in_state == RubyFullState::HEREDOC) {
       if (i == 0) {
         uint32_t start = 0;
         if (state->heredocs.front().allow_indentation)
@@ -344,7 +348,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
                     state->heredocs.front().delim.length())) {
           state->heredocs.pop_front();
           if (state->heredocs.empty())
-            state->full_state->in_state = RubyFullState::NONE;
+            state->full_state.in_state = RubyFullState::NONE;
           tokens->push_back({i, len, TokenKind::K_ANNOTATION});
           return state;
         }
@@ -421,7 +425,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
             tokens->push_back({i, i + 2, TokenKind::K_INTERPOLATION});
             i += 2;
             state->interp_stack.push(state->full_state);
-            state->full_state = std::make_shared<RubyFullState>();
+            state->full_state = RubyFullState();
             state->interp_level = 1;
             break;
           }
@@ -432,7 +436,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
         continue;
       }
     }
-    if (state->full_state->in_state == RubyFullState::STRING) {
+    if (state->full_state.in_state == RubyFullState::STRING) {
       uint32_t start = i;
       while (i < len) {
         if (text[i] == '\\') {
@@ -496,36 +500,36 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
           tokens->push_back({start, i, TokenKind::K_ESCAPE});
           continue;
         }
-        if (state->full_state->lit.allow_interp && text[i] == '#' &&
+        if (state->full_state.lit.allow_interp && text[i] == '#' &&
             i + 1 < len && text[i + 1] == '{') {
           tokens->push_back({start, i, TokenKind::K_STRING});
           tokens->push_back({i, i + 2, TokenKind::K_INTERPOLATION});
           i += 2;
           state->interp_stack.push(state->full_state);
-          state->full_state = std::make_shared<RubyFullState>();
+          state->full_state = RubyFullState();
           state->interp_level = 1;
           break;
         }
-        if (text[i] == state->full_state->lit.delim_start &&
+        if (text[i] == state->full_state.lit.delim_start &&
-            state->full_state->lit.delim_start !=
+            state->full_state.lit.delim_start !=
-                state->full_state->lit.delim_end) {
+                state->full_state.lit.delim_end) {
-          state->full_state->lit.brace_level++;
+          state->full_state.lit.brace_level++;
         }
-        if (text[i] == state->full_state->lit.delim_end) {
+        if (text[i] == state->full_state.lit.delim_end) {
-          if (state->full_state->lit.delim_start ==
+          if (state->full_state.lit.delim_start ==
-              state->full_state->lit.delim_end) {
+              state->full_state.lit.delim_end) {
             i++;
             tokens->push_back({start, i, TokenKind::K_STRING});
-            state->full_state->in_state = RubyFullState::NONE;
+            state->full_state.in_state = RubyFullState::NONE;
-            state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+            state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
             break;
           } else {
-            state->full_state->lit.brace_level--;
+            state->full_state.lit.brace_level--;
-            if (state->full_state->lit.brace_level == 0) {
+            if (state->full_state.lit.brace_level == 0) {
               i++;
               tokens->push_back({start, i, TokenKind::K_STRING});
-              state->full_state->in_state = RubyFullState::NONE;
+              state->full_state.in_state = RubyFullState::NONE;
-              state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+              state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
               break;
             }
           }
@@ -536,7 +540,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
         tokens->push_back({start, len, TokenKind::K_STRING});
       continue;
     }
-    if (state->full_state->in_state == RubyFullState::REGEXP) {
+    if (state->full_state.in_state == RubyFullState::REGEXP) {
       uint32_t start = i;
       while (i < len) {
         if (text[i] == '\\') {
@@ -605,30 +609,30 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
           tokens->push_back({i, i + 2, TokenKind::K_INTERPOLATION});
           i += 2;
           state->interp_stack.push(state->full_state);
-          state->full_state = std::make_shared<RubyFullState>();
+          state->full_state = RubyFullState();
           state->interp_level = 1;
           break;
         }
-        if (text[i] == state->full_state->lit.delim_start &&
+        if (text[i] == state->full_state.lit.delim_start &&
-            state->full_state->lit.delim_start !=
+            state->full_state.lit.delim_start !=
-                state->full_state->lit.delim_end) {
+                state->full_state.lit.delim_end) {
-          state->full_state->lit.brace_level++;
+          state->full_state.lit.brace_level++;
         }
-        if (text[i] == state->full_state->lit.delim_end) {
+        if (text[i] == state->full_state.lit.delim_end) {
-          if (state->full_state->lit.delim_start ==
+          if (state->full_state.lit.delim_start ==
-              state->full_state->lit.delim_end) {
+              state->full_state.lit.delim_end) {
             i += 1;
             tokens->push_back({start, i, TokenKind::K_REGEXP});
-            state->full_state->in_state = RubyFullState::NONE;
+            state->full_state.in_state = RubyFullState::NONE;
-            state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+            state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
             break;
           } else {
-            state->full_state->lit.brace_level--;
+            state->full_state.lit.brace_level--;
-            if (state->full_state->lit.brace_level == 0) {
+            if (state->full_state.lit.brace_level == 0) {
               i += 1;
               tokens->push_back({start, i, TokenKind::K_REGEXP});
-              state->full_state->in_state = RubyFullState::NONE;
+              state->full_state.in_state = RubyFullState::NONE;
-              state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+              state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
               break;
             }
           }
@@ -642,8 +646,8 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
     if (i == 0 && len == 6) {
       if (text[i] == '=' && text[i + 1] == 'b' && text[i + 2] == 'e' &&
           text[i + 3] == 'g' && text[i + 4] == 'i' && text[i + 5] == 'n') {
-        state->full_state->in_state = RubyFullState::COMMENT;
+        state->full_state.in_state = RubyFullState::COMMENT;
-        state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+        state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
         tokens->push_back({0, len, TokenKind::K_COMMENT});
         return state;
       }
@@ -653,8 +657,8 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
           text[i + 3] == 'N' && text[i + 4] == 'D' && text[i + 5] == '_' &&
           text[i + 6] == '_') {
         tokens->clear();
-        state->full_state->in_state = RubyFullState::END;
+        state->full_state.in_state = RubyFullState::END;
-        state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+        state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
         return state;
       }
     }
@@ -684,33 +688,33 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
             delim += text[j++];
         }
       }
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
       if (!delim.empty()) {
         tokens->push_back({s, j, TokenKind::K_ANNOTATION});
         state->heredocs.push_back({delim, interpolation, indented});
-        state->full_state->in_state = RubyFullState::HEREDOC;
+        state->full_state.in_state = RubyFullState::HEREDOC;
         heredoc_first = true;
       }
       i = j;
       continue;
     }
-    if (text[i] == '/' && state->full_state->expecting_expr) {
+    if (text[i] == '/' && state->full_state.expecting_expr) {
       tokens->push_back({i, i + 1, TokenKind::K_REGEXP});
-      state->full_state->in_state = RubyFullState::REGEXP;
+      state->full_state.in_state = RubyFullState::REGEXP;
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
-      state->full_state->lit.delim_start = '/';
+      state->full_state.lit.delim_start = '/';
-      state->full_state->lit.delim_end = '/';
+      state->full_state.lit.delim_end = '/';
-      state->full_state->lit.allow_interp = true;
+      state->full_state.lit.allow_interp = true;
       i++;
       continue;
     } else if (text[i] == '#') {
       if (line_num == 0 && i == 0 && len > 4 && text[i + 1] == '!') {
-        state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+        state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
         tokens->push_back({0, len, TokenKind::K_SHEBANG});
         return state;
       }
       tokens->push_back({i, len, TokenKind::K_COMMENT});
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
       return state;
     } else if (text[i] == '.') {
       uint32_t start = i;
@@ -722,15 +726,15 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
         }
       }
       tokens->push_back({start, i, TokenKind::K_OPERATOR});
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
       continue;
     } else if (text[i] == ':') {
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
       uint32_t start = i;
       i++;
       if (i >= len) {
         tokens->push_back({start, i, TokenKind::K_OPERATOR});
-        state->full_state->expecting_expr = true;
+        state->full_state.expecting_expr = true;
         continue;
       }
       if (text[i] == ':') {
@@ -739,7 +743,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
       }
       if (text[i] == '\'' || text[i] == '"') {
         tokens->push_back({start, i, TokenKind::K_LABEL});
-        state->full_state->expecting_expr = true;
+        state->full_state.expecting_expr = true;
         continue;
       }
       if (text[i] == '$' || text[i] == '@') {
@@ -767,7 +771,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
       tokens->push_back({start, i, TokenKind::K_OPERATOR});
       continue;
     } else if (text[i] == '@') {
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
       uint32_t start = i;
       i++;
       if (i >= len)
@@ -783,7 +787,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
       tokens->push_back({start, i, TokenKind::K_VARIABLEINSTANCE});
       continue;
     } else if (text[i] == '$') {
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
       uint32_t start = i;
       i++;
       if (i >= len)
@@ -806,7 +810,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
       tokens->push_back({start, i, TokenKind::K_VARIABLEGLOBAL});
       continue;
     } else if (text[i] == '?') {
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
       uint32_t start = i;
       i++;
       if (i < len && text[i] == '\\') {
@@ -851,95 +855,95 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
         tokens->push_back({start, i, TokenKind::K_CHAR});
         continue;
       } else {
-        state->full_state->expecting_expr = true;
+        state->full_state.expecting_expr = true;
         tokens->push_back({start, i, TokenKind::K_OPERATOR});
         continue;
       }
     } else if (text[i] == '{') {
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = true;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = true;
       uint8_t brace_color =
-          (uint8_t)TokenKind::K_BRACE1 + (state->full_state->brace_level % 5);
+          (uint8_t)TokenKind::K_BRACE1 + (state->full_state.brace_level % 5);
       tokens->push_back({i, i + 1, (TokenKind)brace_color});
       state->interp_level++;
-      state->full_state->brace_level++;
+      state->full_state.brace_level++;
       i++;
       continue;
     } else if (text[i] == '}') {
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
       state->interp_level--;
       if (state->interp_level == 0 && !state->interp_stack.empty()) {
         state->full_state = state->interp_stack.top();
         state->interp_stack.pop();
         tokens->push_back({i, i + 1, TokenKind::K_INTERPOLATION});
       } else {
-        state->full_state->brace_level--;
+        state->full_state.brace_level--;
         uint8_t brace_color =
-            (uint8_t)TokenKind::K_BRACE1 + (state->full_state->brace_level % 5);
+            (uint8_t)TokenKind::K_BRACE1 + (state->full_state.brace_level % 5);
         tokens->push_back({i, i + 1, (TokenKind)brace_color});
       }
       i++;
       continue;
     } else if (text[i] == '(') {
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = true;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = true;
       uint8_t brace_color =
-          (uint8_t)TokenKind::K_BRACE1 + (state->full_state->brace_level % 5);
+          (uint8_t)TokenKind::K_BRACE1 + (state->full_state.brace_level % 5);
       tokens->push_back({i, i + 1, (TokenKind)brace_color});
-      state->full_state->brace_level++;
+      state->full_state.brace_level++;
       i++;
       continue;
     } else if (text[i] == ')') {
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
-      state->full_state->brace_level--;
+      state->full_state.brace_level--;
       uint8_t brace_color =
-          (uint8_t)TokenKind::K_BRACE1 + (state->full_state->brace_level % 5);
+          (uint8_t)TokenKind::K_BRACE1 + (state->full_state.brace_level % 5);
       tokens->push_back({i, i + 1, (TokenKind)brace_color});
       i++;
       continue;
     } else if (text[i] == '[') {
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = true;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = true;
       uint8_t brace_color =
-          (uint8_t)TokenKind::K_BRACE1 + (state->full_state->brace_level % 5);
+          (uint8_t)TokenKind::K_BRACE1 + (state->full_state.brace_level % 5);
       tokens->push_back({i, i + 1, (TokenKind)brace_color});
-      state->full_state->brace_level++;
+      state->full_state.brace_level++;
       i++;
       continue;
     } else if (text[i] == ']') {
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
-      state->full_state->brace_level--;
+      state->full_state.brace_level--;
       uint8_t brace_color =
-          (uint8_t)TokenKind::K_BRACE1 + (state->full_state->brace_level % 5);
+          (uint8_t)TokenKind::K_BRACE1 + (state->full_state.brace_level % 5);
       tokens->push_back({i, i + 1, (TokenKind)brace_color});
       i++;
       continue;
     } else if (text[i] == '\'') {
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
       tokens->push_back({i, i + 1, TokenKind::K_STRING});
-      state->full_state->in_state = RubyFullState::STRING;
+      state->full_state.in_state = RubyFullState::STRING;
-      state->full_state->lit.delim_start = '\'';
+      state->full_state.lit.delim_start = '\'';
-      state->full_state->lit.delim_end = '\'';
+      state->full_state.lit.delim_end = '\'';
-      state->full_state->lit.allow_interp = false;
+      state->full_state.lit.allow_interp = false;
       i++;
       continue;
     } else if (text[i] == '"') {
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
       tokens->push_back({i, i + 1, TokenKind::K_STRING});
-      state->full_state->in_state = RubyFullState::STRING;
+      state->full_state.in_state = RubyFullState::STRING;
-      state->full_state->lit.delim_start = '"';
+      state->full_state.lit.delim_start = '"';
-      state->full_state->lit.delim_end = '"';
+      state->full_state.lit.delim_end = '"';
-      state->full_state->lit.allow_interp = true;
+      state->full_state.lit.allow_interp = true;
       i++;
       continue;
     } else if (text[i] == '`') {
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
       tokens->push_back({i, i + 1, TokenKind::K_STRING});
-      state->full_state->in_state = RubyFullState::STRING;
+      state->full_state.in_state = RubyFullState::STRING;
-      state->full_state->lit.delim_start = '`';
+      state->full_state.lit.delim_start = '`';
-      state->full_state->lit.delim_end = '`';
+      state->full_state.lit.delim_end = '`';
-      state->full_state->lit.allow_interp = true;
+      state->full_state.lit.allow_interp = true;
       i++;
       continue;
     } else if (text[i] == '%') {
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
       if (i + 1 >= len) {
         i++;
         continue;
@@ -1005,16 +1009,16 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
       tokens->push_back(
           {i, i + prefix_len + 1,
            (is_regexp ? TokenKind::K_REGEXP : TokenKind::K_STRING)});
-      state->full_state->in_state =
+      state->full_state.in_state =
           is_regexp ? RubyFullState::REGEXP : RubyFullState::STRING;
-      state->full_state->lit.delim_start = delim_start;
+      state->full_state.lit.delim_start = delim_start;
-      state->full_state->lit.delim_end = delim_end;
+      state->full_state.lit.delim_end = delim_end;
-      state->full_state->lit.allow_interp = allow_interp;
+      state->full_state.lit.allow_interp = allow_interp;
-      state->full_state->lit.brace_level = 1;
+      state->full_state.lit.brace_level = 1;
       i += prefix_len + 1;
       continue;
     } else if (isdigit(text[i])) {
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
       uint32_t start = i;
       if (text[i] == '0') {
         i++;
@@ -1115,7 +1119,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
       tokens->push_back({start, i, TokenKind::K_NUMBER});
       continue;
     } else if (identifier_start_char(text[i])) {
-      state->full_state->expecting_expr = false;
+      state->full_state.expecting_expr = false;
       uint32_t length;
       if ((length = base_keywords_trie.match(text, i, len, identifier_char))) {
         tokens->push_back({i, i + length, TokenKind::K_KEYWORD});
@@ -1123,7 +1127,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
         continue;
       } else if ((length = expecting_keywords_trie.match(text, i, len,
                                                          identifier_char))) {
-        state->full_state->expecting_expr = true;
+        state->full_state.expecting_expr = true;
         tokens->push_back({i, i + length, TokenKind::K_KEYWORD});
         i += length;
         continue;
@@ -1134,7 +1138,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
         continue;
       } else if ((length = expecting_operators_trie.match(
                       text, i, len, identifier_char)) > 0) {
-        state->full_state->expecting_expr = true;
+        state->full_state.expecting_expr = true;
         tokens->push_back({i, i + length, TokenKind::K_KEYWORDOPERATOR});
         i += length;
         continue;
@@ -1256,7 +1260,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<void> ruby_parse(std::vector<Token> *tokens,
                operator_trie.match(text, i, len, [](char) { return false; }))) {
         tokens->push_back({i, i + op_len, TokenKind::K_OPERATOR});
         i += op_len;
-        state->full_state->expecting_expr = true;
+        state->full_state.expecting_expr = true;
         continue;
       } else {
         i += utf8_codepoint_width(text[i]);

src/ui/bar.cc

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ void Bar::log(std::string message) { log_line = message; }
 void Bar::render(std::vector<ScreenCell> &buffer) {
   USING(LSPInstance);
   BarLine bar_line;
-  bar_line = bar_contents(mode, screen.col, pwd.string(), focused_window);
+  bar_line =
+      bar_contents(mode, screen.col, pwd.string(), layout::focused_window);
   auto update = [&](uint32_t row, uint32_t col, std::string text, uint32_t fg,
                     uint32_t bg, uint8_t flags, uint32_t width) {
     ScreenCell &c = buffer[row * screen.col + col];
@@ -61,8 +62,8 @@ void Bar::handle_command(std::string &command) {
     running = false;
     return;
   }
-  if (focused_window)
+  if (layout::focused_window)
-    focused_window->handle_command(command);
+    layout::focused_window->handle_command(command);
 }
 
 void Bar::handle_event(KeyEvent event) {

src/windows/renderer.cc

@@ -1,23 +1,49 @@
+#include "io/sysio.h"
 #include "main.h"
 #include "windows/decl.h"
 
-TileRoot root_tile;
+namespace layout {
-std::vector<std::unique_ptr<TileRoot>> popups;
+TileBase root_tile;
 Window *focused_window;
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Popup>> popups;
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<TileBase>> floating_tiles;
+} // namespace layout
 
 void render() {
-  ui::bar.render(new_screen);
+  ui::bar.render(io::new_screen);
-  root_tile.render(new_screen);
+  layout::root_tile.render(io::new_screen);
-  for (auto &popup : popups)
+  for (auto &tile : layout::floating_tiles) {
-    popup->render(new_screen);
+    if (tile->hidden())
+      continue;
+    tile->render(io::new_screen);
+  }
+  for (auto &popup : layout::popups) {
+    if (popup->hidden)
+      continue;
+    popup->render(io::new_screen, popup->size, popup->pos);
+  }
 }
 
 void handle_click(KeyEvent event) {
-  for (auto &popup : popups) {
+  for (auto &popup : layout::popups) {
-    if (popup->inside(event.mouse_x, event.mouse_y)) {
+    if (!popup->hidden &&
-      popup->handle_click(event);
+        inside({event.mouse_y, event.mouse_x}, popup->pos, popup->size)) {
+      event.mouse_x -= popup->pos.col;
+      event.mouse_y -= popup->pos.row;
+      popup->handle_click(event, popup->size);
       return;
     }
   }
-  root_tile.handle_click(event);
+  for (auto &tile : layout::floating_tiles) {
+    if (!tile->hidden() &&
+        inside({event.mouse_y, event.mouse_x}, tile->pos, tile->size)) {
+      event.mouse_x -= tile->pos.col;
+      event.mouse_y -= tile->pos.row;
+      tile->handle_click(event);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  if (inside({event.mouse_y, event.mouse_x}, layout::root_tile.pos,
+             layout::root_tile.size))
+    layout::root_tile.handle_click(event);
 }