Add basic app interface

- Add pool struct for data pools

include/app/app.h

@@ -1,25 +1,189 @@
 #include "binding/ruby.h"
+#include "localization/localization.h"
 #include "utils.h"
 #include "window/window.h"
 
+namespace app {
 struct Element {
-  Vec2<float> position;
-  float rotation;
-  Vec2<float> scale;
-  float z;
+  Vec2<float> position = {0, 0};
+  float rotation = 0;
+  Vec2<float> scale = {1, 1};
+  float z = 0;
+  bool click_through = false;
   Ruby::Block on_click;
-  Ruby::Block on_update;
-  Ruby::Block on_hover;
 
-  virtual void render(Window &window) {}
+  virtual ~Element() = default;
+  virtual void render(Window &window, uint64_t abs_time) = 0;
+  virtual Vec2<float> size(Window *window) = 0;
+
+  void click() {
+    if (!mrb_nil_p(on_click.proc)) {
+      int x = mrb_gc_arena_save(Ruby::mrb);
+      on_click.call();
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(Ruby::mrb, x);
+    }
+  }
 };
 
+struct Image : Element {
+  Animation animation;
+  float alpha = 1.0f;
+
+  Image(Animation animation) : animation(std::move(animation)) {}
+
+  Vec2<float> size(Window *window) override {
+    if (animation.frames.empty())
+      return {0, 0};
+    return window->get_image_size(animation.frames[0]);
+  }
+
+  void render(Window &window, uint64_t abs_time) override {
+    if (animation.frames.empty())
+      return;
+
+    int frame_index = (int)((abs_time * animation.frame_rate) / 1000) % animation.frames.size();
+    window.draw(animation.frames[frame_index], position, z, rotation, scale, alpha);
+  }
+};
+
+struct Text : Element {
+  Localization::Key key;
+  int font_id;
+  int font_size = 16;
+  Color color = {255, 255, 255, 255};
+
+  Text(Localization::Key key, int font_id, int font_size, Color color)
+      : key(key), font_id(font_id), font_size(font_size), color(color) {}
+
+  Vec2<float> size(Window *window) override {
+    return window->get_text_size(text_id);
+  };
+
+  void render(Window &window, uint64_t abs_time) override {
+    if (last_language != Localization::current_language || last_key != key || text_id == -1) {
+      std::string localized_str = Localization::get(key);
+      if (text_id != -1)
+        window.unload_text(text_id);
+      text_id = window.create_text(font_id, localized_str.c_str(), localized_str.size(), color);
+      last_language = Localization::current_language;
+      last_key = key;
+    }
+    window.write(text_id, position, z, rotation, scale);
+  }
+
+private:
+  int text_id = -1;
+  Localization::LanguageCode last_language = -1;
+  Localization::Key last_key = -1;
+};
+
+struct ERect : Element {
+  Vec2<float> shape = {0, 0};
+  Color color = {255, 255, 255, 255};
+  Vec2<float> size(Window *) override {
+    return shape;
+  };
+
+  ERect(Vec2<float> shape, Color color) : shape(shape), color(color) {}
+
+  void render(Window &window, uint64_t abs_time) override {
+    window.draw_rect(Rect::from_size(position, shape), color, z, rotation);
+  }
+};
+
+extern Pool<std::unique_ptr<Element>> element_pool;
+
 struct Scene {
-  std::vector<Element> elements;
+  std::vector<int> element_ids;
+  Ruby::Block update;
+
+  void add_element(int element_id) {
+    auto it = std::lower_bound(
+      element_ids.begin(),
+      element_ids.end(),
+      element_id,
+      [](auto &a, auto &b) {
+        return element_pool[a]->z < element_pool[b]->z || (element_pool[a]->z == element_pool[b]->z && a < b);
+      }
+    );
+    element_ids.insert(it, element_id);
+  }
+
+  void update_scene(uint64_t delta_time) {
+    if (!mrb_nil_p(update.proc)) {
+      int x = mrb_gc_arena_save(Ruby::mrb);
+      mrb_value dt_val = mrb_int_value(Ruby::mrb, delta_time);
+      update.call(1, &dt_val);
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(Ruby::mrb, x);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void click(Window *window, Vec2<float> position) {
+    for (auto it = element_ids.rbegin(); it != element_ids.rend(); ++it) {
+      Element *e = element_pool[*it].get();
+      Vec2<float> size = e->size(window);
+      Rect rect = Rect::from_size(e->position, size * e->scale);
+      if (rect.contains(position)) {
+        e->click();
+        if (e->click_through)
+          continue;
+        else
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void render(Window &window, uint64_t abs_time) {
+    for (const int &e : element_ids)
+      element_pool[e]->render(window, abs_time);
+  }
 };
 
+extern Pool<std::unique_ptr<Scene>> scene_pool;
+
 struct App {
   Window window;
+  int current_scene_id = 0;
+  bool running = true;
 
-  App(Vec2<float> size, const char *title) : window(size, title) {}
+  App(Vec2<float> size, const char *title, Animation loading_animation)
+      : window(size, title) {
+    std::unique_ptr<Scene> loading_scene = std::make_unique<Scene>();
+#warning "Should try to center the loading image or scale it to fit the screen"
+    std::unique_ptr<Image> image = std::make_unique<Image>(loading_animation);
+    int image_id = element_pool.acquire(std::move(image));
+    loading_scene->add_element(image_id);
+    scene_pool.acquire(std::move(loading_scene));
+  }
+
+  void loop() {
+    while (running) {
+      uint64_t dt = window.delta_time();
+      uint64_t abs_time = window.get_time();
+
+      Scene *scene = scene_pool[current_scene_id].get();
+
+      scene->update_scene(dt);
+
+      Event e;
+      while (window.poll(e)) {
+        switch (e.type) {
+        case Event::QUIT:
+          running = false;
+          break;
+        case Event::MOUSE_BUTTON_DOWN:
+          scene->click(&window, e.mouse_button.position);
+          break;
+        default:
+          break;
+        }
+        window.consume(e);
+      }
+
+      scene->render(window, abs_time);
+
+      window.render();
+    }
+  }
 };
+} // namespace app

include/binding/ruby.h

@@ -7,7 +7,20 @@ struct Block {
   mrb_value proc;
 
   Block(mrb_value proc) : proc(proc) {
-    mrb_gc_protect(mrb, proc);
+    mrb_gc_register(mrb, proc);
+  }
+
+  Block() : proc(mrb_nil_value()) {}
+
+  Block(const Block &) = delete;
+  Block &operator=(const Block &) = delete;
+
+  mrb_value call(int argc = 0, mrb_value *argv = nullptr) const {
+    return mrb_funcall(mrb, proc, "call", argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  ~Block() {
+    mrb_gc_unregister(mrb, proc);
   }
 };
 }; // namespace Ruby

include/localization/localization.h

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include "pch.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+namespace Localization {
+using Key = uint16_t;
+
+// Maps localization keys to their string identifiers. This is used for text elements to look up the correct localized string.
+extern std::unordered_map<std::string, Key> localization_key_map;
+
+using LanguageCode = uint32_t; // 32-bit integer to store the language code (e.g., "en", "fr", "es")
+
+extern LanguageCode current_language; // The currently active language code
+
+using JoinedKey = uint64_t; // 64-bit integer to store the joined language code and key
+
+inline JoinedKey join_keys(LanguageCode lang_code, Key loc_key) {
+  return (static_cast<JoinedKey>(lang_code) << 16) | loc_key;
+}
+
+extern std::unordered_map<JoinedKey, std::string> localized_strings;
+
+inline std::string get(Key key) {
+  auto it = localized_strings.find(join_keys(current_language, key));
+  if (it != localized_strings.end())
+    return it->second;
+  return "";
+}
+} // namespace Localization

include/utils.h

@@ -14,6 +14,16 @@ template <typename T>
 struct Vec2 {
   T x, y;
 
+  template <typename U>
+  Vec2<float> operator*(Vec2<U> s) {
+    return {x * s.x, y * s.y};
+  }
+
+  template <typename U>
+  Vec2<float> operator/(Vec2<U> s) {
+    return {x / s.x, y / s.y};
+  }
+
   template <typename U>
   Vec2 operator*(U s) const {
     return {x * s, y * s};
@@ -98,6 +108,10 @@ struct Rect {
     };
   }
 
+  static Rect from_size(Vec2<float> position, Vec2<float> size) {
+    return Rect(position, position + size);
+  }
+
   bool contains(const Vec2<float> &point) const {
     return point.x >= diagonal.start.x && point.x <= diagonal.end.x &&
            point.y >= diagonal.start.y && point.y <= diagonal.end.y;
@@ -142,4 +156,44 @@ struct Rect {
   }
 };
 
+template <typename T>
+struct Pool {
+  Pool() {
+    items.reserve(20);
+    free_indices.reserve(20);
+  }
+
+  T &operator[](int index) {
+    return items[index];
+  }
+
+  const std::vector<T> &all() {
+    return items;
+  }
+
+  int acquire(const T &item) {
+    if (!free_indices.empty()) {
+      int index = free_indices.back();
+      free_indices.pop_back();
+      items[index] = item;
+      return index;
+    } else {
+      items.push_back(item);
+      return items.size() - 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void release(int index) {
+    free_indices.push_back(index);
+  }
+
+  bool is_valid(size_t index) const {
+    return index >= 0 && index < items.size() && std::find(free_indices.begin(), free_indices.end(), index) == free_indices.end();
+  }
+
+private:
+  std::vector<T> items;
+  std::vector<int> free_indices;
+};
+
 #endif

include/window/window.h

@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 #include "utils.h"
 
-using ImageID = uint32_t;
-using FontID = uint32_t;
-using TextID = uint32_t;
-
 struct Font {
   TTF_Font *font;
   bool pixel_art;
@@ -52,6 +48,12 @@ struct Event {
   };
 };
 
+struct Animation {
+  std::vector<int> frames;
+  float frame_rate;
+  bool loop;
+};
+
 struct Window {
 public:
   // title can be free'd by the caller after the window is created, as it's copied internally.
@@ -61,19 +63,21 @@ public:
 
   // Rendering functions
 
-  ImageID load_image(const char *path, bool pixel_art = false);
-  void unload_image(ImageID image_id);
+  int load_image(const char *path, bool pixel_art = false);
+  void unload_image(int image_id);
+  Vec2<float> get_image_size(int image_id);
 
-  FontID load_font(const char *path, int font_size, bool bold = false, bool italic = false, bool underline = false, bool pixel_art = false);
-  void unload_font(FontID font_id);
+  int load_font(const char *path, int font_size, bool bold = false, bool italic = false, bool underline = false, bool pixel_art = false);
+  void unload_font(int font_id);
 
   // text is copied internally, so it can be free'd by the caller after the text is created.
-  TextID create_text(FontID font_id, const char *text, uint32_t length, Color color);
-  void unload_text(TextID text_id);
+  int create_text(int font_id, const char *text, uint32_t length, Color color);
+  void unload_text(int text_id);
+  Vec2<float> get_text_size(int text_id);
 
-  bool write(TextID text_id, Vec2<float> position, float z, float angle = 0.0f, Vec2<float> scale = {1.0f, 1.0f});
+  bool write(int text_id, Vec2<float> position, float z, float angle = 0.0f, Vec2<float> scale = {1.0f, 1.0f});
 
-  bool draw(ImageID image_id, Vec2<float> position, float z, float angle = 0.0f, Vec2<float> scale = {1.0f, 1.0f}, float alpha = 1.0f);
+  bool draw(int image_id, Vec2<float> position, float z, float angle = 0.0f, Vec2<float> scale = {1.0f, 1.0f}, float alpha = 1.0f);
 
   bool draw_rect(Rect rect, Color color, float z, float angle = 0.0f);
 
@@ -119,16 +123,13 @@ private:
   SDL_Texture *white_tex;
 
   // Image pool
-  std::vector<SDL_Texture *> images;
-  std::vector<int> free_image_indices;
+  Pool<SDL_Texture *> image_pool;
 
   // Font pool
-  std::vector<struct Font> fonts;
-  std::vector<int> free_font_indices;
+  Pool<struct Font> font_pool;
 
   // Text pool
-  std::vector<SDL_Texture *> texts;
-  std::vector<int> free_text_indices;
+  Pool<SDL_Texture *> text_pool;
 
   struct RenderInstruction {
     enum Type {
@@ -143,13 +144,13 @@ private:
 
     union {
       struct {
-        ImageID image_id;
+        int image_id;
         Vec2<float> position;
         float alpha;
       } draw_image;
 
       struct {
-        TextID text_id;
+        int text_id;
         Vec2<float> position;
       } draw_text;
 

samples/button.rb

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ main_scene = Scene.new
 
 default_font = Font.new "assets/DejaVuSans.ttf", 24, italic: true
 
-text = ElementText.new "Click me!", font: default_font, position: {x: 50, y: 50}, z: 1
+text = ElementText.new "Click me!", font: default_font, position: {x: 50, y: 50}, z: 1, click_through: true
 
 rect = ElementRect.new {x: 50, y: 50, w: 100, h: 25}, color: 0xFF0000, z: 0
 

samples/main.rb

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 
 width, height = 720, 480
 
-image = Image.new "assets/loading.png"
+image = Tiles.from("assets/loading.png").first
 
-app = App.new width, height, title: "My Game", loading_bg: image
+app = App.new width, height, title: "My Game", loading_bg: image # can be image or animation
 
 app.map_key ?w, :forward
 app.map_key ?s, :backward
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ world.spawn do |e| # Name is optional
     c.collision = true
   end
   e.add_component :sprite do |c|
-    c.tiles = Tiles.from "assets/sprite.png", tile_width: 50, tile_height: 50
-    animation1 = {tiles: 0..3, frame_rate: 10, loop: true}
+    tiles = Tiles.from "assets/sprite.png", tile_width: 50, tile_height: 50
+    animation1 = {tiles: tiles[0..3], frame_rate: 10, loop: true}
     c.animations = {idle: animation1}
     c.current_animation = :idle
   end
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ world.spawn "Trap Preview" do |e|
   e.tags = [:trap_preview]
   e.active = false
   e.add_component :sprite do |c|
-    c.tiles = Tiles.from "assets/trap.png", tile_width: 50, tile_height: 50
-    animation1 = {tiles: 0..3, frame_rate: 10, loop: true}
+    tiles = Tiles.from "assets/trap.png", tile_width: 50, tile_height: 50
+    animation1 = {tiles: tiles[0..3], frame_rate: 10, loop: true}
     c.animations = {idle: animation1}
     c.current_animation = :idle
   end
@@ -123,8 +123,9 @@ world.system :trap_placement, trigger: trigger do |dt|
     e.tags = [:trap]
     e.position = world.mouse_position_world
     e.add_component :sprite do |c|
-      c.tiles = Tiles.from "assets/trap.png", tile_width: 50, tile_height: 50
-      animation1 = {tiles: 0..3, frame_rate: 10, loop: true}
+      tiles = Tiles.from "assets/trap.png", tile_width: 50, tile_height: 50
+      tiles2 = Tiles.from "assets/trap_2.png", tile_width: 50, tile_height: 50
+      animation1 = {tiles: tiles[0..3] + tiles2[0..3], frame_rate: 10, loop: true}
       c.animations = {idle: animation1}
       c.current_animation = :idle
     end

src/main.cc

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ int main() {
 
   Window w({800, 600}, "Render Test");
 
-  ImageID img = w.load_image("./assets/images/arrow.png", true);
-  FontID font = w.load_font(
+  int img = w.load_image("./assets/images/arrow.png", true);
+  int font = w.load_font(
     "./assets/fonts/charybdis.ttf",
     24,
     false,
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ int main() {
     true
   );
 
-  TextID text = w.create_text(font, "Hello Engine", 12, {255, 255, 255, 255});
+  int text = w.create_text(font, "Hello Engine", 12, {255, 255, 255, 255});
 
   float t = 0.0f;
 

src/window/window.cc

@@ -15,13 +15,6 @@ Window::Window(Vec2<float> size, const char *title) {
 
   compute_transform();
 
-  images.reserve(100);
-  free_image_indices.reserve(100);
-  fonts.reserve(100);
-  free_font_indices.reserve(100);
-  texts.reserve(100);
-  free_text_indices.reserve(100);
-
   text_input_active = false;
 
   white_tex = SDL_CreateTexture(
@@ -37,15 +30,15 @@ Window::Window(Vec2<float> size, const char *title) {
 };
 
 Window::~Window() {
-  for (auto tex : images)
+  for (auto tex : image_pool.all())
     if (tex)
       SDL_DestroyTexture(tex);
 
-  for (auto tex : texts)
+  for (auto tex : text_pool.all())
     if (tex)
       SDL_DestroyTexture(tex);
 
-  for (auto &f : fonts)
+  for (auto &f : font_pool.all())
     if (f.font)
       TTF_CloseFont(f.font);
 
@@ -55,7 +48,7 @@ Window::~Window() {
   SDL_Quit();
 }
 
-ImageID Window::load_image(const char *path, bool pixel_art) {
+int Window::load_image(const char *path, bool pixel_art) {
   SDL_Texture *texture = IMG_LoadTexture(renderer, path);
 
   if (pixel_art) {
@@ -67,31 +60,20 @@ ImageID Window::load_image(const char *path, bool pixel_art) {
     return UINT32_MAX;
   }
 
-  if (!free_image_indices.empty()) {
-    ImageID id = free_image_indices.back();
-    free_image_indices.pop_back();
-    images[id] = texture;
-    return id;
-  } else {
-    images.push_back(texture);
-    return images.size() - 1;
+  return image_pool.acquire(texture);
 }
 
-  return UINT32_MAX;
-}
-
-void Window::unload_image(ImageID image_id) {
-  if (image_id >= images.size() || images[image_id] == nullptr) {
+void Window::unload_image(int image_id) {
+  if (!image_pool.is_valid(image_id)) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Invalid image ID: %d\n", image_id);
     return;
   }
 
-  SDL_DestroyTexture(images[image_id]);
-  images[image_id] = nullptr;
-  free_image_indices.push_back(image_id);
+  SDL_DestroyTexture(image_pool[image_id]);
+  image_pool.release(image_id);
 }
 
-FontID Window::load_font(const char *path, int font_size, bool bold, bool italic, bool underline, bool pixel_art) {
+int Window::load_font(const char *path, int font_size, bool bold, bool italic, bool underline, bool pixel_art) {
   TTF_Font *font = TTF_OpenFont(path, font_size);
 
   if (font == nullptr) {
@@ -109,38 +91,27 @@ FontID Window::load_font(const char *path, int font_size, bool bold, bool italic
 
   TTF_SetFontStyle(font, style);
 
-  if (!free_font_indices.empty()) {
-    FontID id = free_font_indices.back();
-    free_font_indices.pop_back();
-    fonts[id] = {font, pixel_art};
-    return id;
-  } else {
-    fonts.push_back({font, pixel_art});
-    return fonts.size() - 1;
+  return font_pool.acquire({font, pixel_art});
 }
 
-  return UINT32_MAX;
-}
-
-void Window::unload_font(FontID font_id) {
-  if (font_id >= fonts.size() || fonts[font_id].font == nullptr) {
+void Window::unload_font(int font_id) {
+  if (!font_pool.is_valid(font_id)) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Invalid font ID: %d\n", font_id);
     return;
   }
 
-  TTF_CloseFont(fonts[font_id].font);
-  fonts[font_id].font = nullptr;
-  free_font_indices.push_back(font_id);
+  TTF_CloseFont(font_pool[font_id].font);
+  font_pool.release(font_id);
 }
 
-TextID Window::create_text(FontID font_id, const char *text, uint32_t length, Color color) {
-  if (font_id >= fonts.size() || fonts[font_id].font == nullptr) {
+int Window::create_text(int font_id, const char *text, uint32_t length, Color color) {
+  if (!font_pool.is_valid(font_id)) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Invalid font ID: %d\n", font_id);
     return UINT32_MAX;
   }
 
   SDL_Color sdl_color = {color.r, color.g, color.b, color.a};
-  SDL_Surface *surface = TTF_RenderText_Solid(fonts[font_id].font, text, length, sdl_color);
+  SDL_Surface *surface = TTF_RenderText_Solid(font_pool[font_id].font, text, length, sdl_color);
 
   if (surface == nullptr) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create text surface: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
@@ -155,35 +126,24 @@ TextID Window::create_text(FontID font_id, const char *text, uint32_t length, Co
     return UINT32_MAX;
   }
 
-  if (fonts[font_id].pixel_art)
+  if (font_pool[font_id].pixel_art)
     SDL_SetTextureScaleMode(texture, SDL_SCALEMODE_NEAREST);
 
-  if (!free_text_indices.empty()) {
-    TextID id = free_text_indices.back();
-    free_text_indices.pop_back();
-    texts[id] = texture;
-    return id;
-  } else {
-    texts.push_back(texture);
-    return texts.size() - 1;
+  return text_pool.acquire(texture);
 }
 
-  return UINT32_MAX;
-}
-
-void Window::unload_text(TextID text_id) {
-  if (text_id >= texts.size() || texts[text_id] == nullptr) {
+void Window::unload_text(int text_id) {
+  if (!text_pool.is_valid(text_id)) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Invalid text ID: %d\n", text_id);
     return;
   }
 
-  SDL_DestroyTexture(texts[text_id]);
-  texts[text_id] = nullptr;
-  free_text_indices.push_back(text_id);
+  SDL_DestroyTexture(text_pool[text_id]);
+  text_pool.release(text_id);
 }
 
-bool Window::write(TextID text_id, Vec2<float> position, float z, float angle, Vec2<float> scale) {
-  if (text_id >= texts.size() || texts[text_id] == nullptr) {
+bool Window::write(int text_id, Vec2<float> position, float z, float angle, Vec2<float> scale) {
+  if (!text_pool.is_valid(text_id)) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Invalid text ID: %d\n", text_id);
     return false;
   }
@@ -202,8 +162,8 @@ bool Window::write(TextID text_id, Vec2<float> position, float z, float angle, V
   return true;
 };
 
-bool Window::draw(ImageID image_id, Vec2<float> position, float z, float angle, Vec2<float> scale, float alpha) {
-  if (image_id >= images.size() || images[image_id] == nullptr) {
+bool Window::draw(int image_id, Vec2<float> position, float z, float angle, Vec2<float> scale, float alpha) {
+  if (!image_pool.is_valid(image_id)) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Invalid image ID: %d\n", image_id);
     return false;
   }
@@ -284,7 +244,7 @@ void Window::render() {
   for (const RenderInstruction &instruction : render_instructions) {
     switch (instruction.type) {
     case RenderInstruction::DRAW_TEXT: {
-      SDL_Texture *texture = texts[instruction.draw_text.text_id];
+      SDL_Texture *texture = text_pool[instruction.draw_text.text_id];
 
       SDL_FlipMode flip = SDL_FLIP_NONE;
 
@@ -317,7 +277,7 @@ void Window::render() {
     } break;
 
     case RenderInstruction::DRAW_IMAGE: {
-      SDL_Texture *texture = images[instruction.draw_image.image_id];
+      SDL_Texture *texture = image_pool[instruction.draw_image.image_id];
 
       float w, h;
       SDL_GetTextureSize(texture, &w, &h);